100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
Previously searched by you
Organic chemistry test study guide notes for organic reactions acids and bases nucleophiles electrophiles chemoselectivity leaving groups oxidation reduction reactions concept summary good for m$9.64
Add to cart
Organic chemistry test study guide notes for organic reactions acids and bases nucleophiles electrophiles chemoselectivity leaving groups oxidation reduction reactions concept summary good for m
4 views 0 purchase
Course
Ochem
Institution
Document Description: Organic Chemistry Test Study Guide
This document serves as a comprehensive study guide for organic chemistry, specifically focusing on key concepts related to organic reactions, acids and bases, nucleophiles, electrophiles, chemoselectivity, leaving groups, and oxidation-re...
1. Lewis Acids and Bases
a. Lewis acids are defined as electron acceptors, characterized by the presence of vacant orbitals or positively
polarized atoms.
b. Lewis bases are electron donors, typically possessing a lone pair of electrons and often existing as anions.
2. Bronsted-Lowry Theory
a. According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, acids are proton donors while bases are proton acceptors.
3. Amphoteric Molecules
a. Amphoteric molecules can function as either acids or bases depending on the reaction conditions; water is
a notable example of such a molecule.
4. Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka)
a. The acid dissociation constant, denoted as Ka, quantifies acidity and represents the equilibrium constant
for the dissociation of an acid (HA) into a proton (H+) and its conjugate base (A-).
b. The pKa value is derived from Ka as pKa = -log(Ka). A lower or even negative pKa indicates a stronger
acid.
5. Trends in Acidity
a. The pKa value decreases down the periodic table and increases with electronegativity, indicating that
acidity trends can be predicted based on these factors.
6. Common Acidic Functional Groups
a. Common acidic functional groups include alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and their
derivatives.
b. Alpha-hydrogens (hydrogens attached to an alpha-carbon adjacent to a carbonyl group) exhibit acidic
properties.
Key Points on Amines, Amides, Nucleophiles, Electrophiles, and Leaving Groups
Amines and Amides
Amines and amides are recognized as common basic functional groups in organic chemistry.
Nucleophiles
Nucleophiles are defined as “nucleus-loving” species that possess lone pairs or π bonds.
They exhibit increased electron density and frequently carry a negative charge.
Nucleophilicity is akin to basicity but is characterized as a kinetic property, while basicity is thermodynamic in
nature.
Factors influencing nucleophilicity include charge, electronegativity, steric hindrance, and the solvent
environment.
Amino groups are prevalent examples of organic nucleophiles.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller byebye. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.64. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
