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NESA Annual Mandatory Training Exam Answered Correctly!!
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NESA Annual Mandatory Training Exam Answered Correctly!!
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NESA Annual Mandatory Training ExamAnswered Correctly!!
Antibiotics and similar drugs are called? CORRECT ANSWERS antimicrobial agents
How long have antimicrobial agents been used? CORRECT ANSWERS 70 years, since
1940
What is the issue with antimicrobial agents CORRECT ANSWERS Many fungi, viruses,
and parasites (infectious organisms have become resistant to antimicrobial agent or a
related class.
Name some multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) CORRECT ANSWERS Methicillin-
resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
gram negative bacilli (GNB)
Is the prevention of MDROs the same everywhere? CORRECT ANSWERS no the
prevention has to be tailored specifically to each population and institution.
Where does antimicriobial drug resistance occur CORRECT ANSWERS Everywhere in
the world... it is not limited to industrialized nations
What happens when a patient is infected with a drug resistant organism? CORRECT
ANSWERS longer and more expensive hospital stay....
more likely to die
have to use 2nd or 3rd choice durs that can be less effective, more toxic or more
expensive
What are the trends in Drug resistance?
MRSA
Klebsiella
E. coli
Streptococcus pneumoniae CORRECT ANSWERS Increasing MRSA infections in US
and globally
Multidrug reistant Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli have been isolated throughout
the US
Antibiotic-resitant Streptococcus pneumoniae infections have significantly declined,
some concerns in some areas.
What are the trends in Drug resistance?
fungi
HIV
,malaria CORRECT ANSWERS Antimicrobial resistance is emerging among fungi that
cause infections in transplant patients with weak immune
Antimicrobial resistance has also been noted with some of the drugs used to treat HIV
infections and influenza.
Antimicrobial resistance to the drugs used to treat malaria infections problem around the
world, along with resistant parasites
How to prevent spread of antimicrobial resistant infections CORRECT ANSWERS
optimal management of vascular and urinary catheters
prevention of lower respiratory tract infection in intubated patients, accurate diagnosis of
infectious etiologies
judicious selection and utilization
spear headed by the Campaign to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance
What is antibiotic resistance CORRECT ANSWERS is the ability of bacteria or other
microbes to resist the effects of an antibiotic
Why should I be concerned about antibiotic resistance? CORRECT ANSWERS
Because the disease can become difficult/impossible to treat. It than spreads from
person to person
What is the misconception about people and medicine CORRECT ANSWERS person's
body becomes resistant to specific drugs.
The truth...it is the microbes, not people, that become resistant to the drugs.
Why are bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics CORRECT ANSWERS Because of
repeated and improper use of antibiotics.
Antibiotics are for bacterial infections not viral infections(common cold, most sore
throats, flu)
Smart use is the key to controlling spread of resistance.
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? CORRECT ANSWERS Natural
Selection.
Mutation
Destruction
Eflux
Genetic transfer
-conjugation
-transformation
-transduction
Modes of Transmission of infectious organisms CORRECT ANSWERS Contact
transmission
-direct contact transmission
, -indirect contact transmission
Droplet transmission
Airborne transmission
Modes of Transmission of infectious organisms
Contact transmission CORRECT ANSWERS divided into two direct and indirect
direct-when the microorganism is transferred from an infected individual to another
without an intermediated contaminated person or inanimate object.
ex. blood entering through caregivers body
indirect-transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated intermidate person or
object
ex. hands, poorly cleaned medical equipment, toys
Modes of Transmission of infectious organisms
Droplet transmission CORRECT ANSWERS travel directly from respiratory tract of the
infectious individual to susceptable mucosal surface of recipient, generally short
distances, necessitating facial protection.
Some organisms being droplet transmission can also be transmitted through direct and
indirect touch
Modes of Transmission of infectious organisms
Airborne transmission CORRECT ANSWERS Transmitted through respiratory droplet
but difference is that it can survive or time and distance...may also be inhaled
What is considered good hygiene? CORRECT ANSWERS Using alcohol based hand
rubs(60-95% alcohol)
When would it not be recommended to use alcohol based had rub CORRECT
ANSWERS when hand is visibly soiled, or aftred caring for patients with known or
suspected infectious diarrhea
What are key situations when hand hygiene is performed CORRECT ANSWERS Before
touching patient (even if going to where gloves).
Before exiting patients care area.
After contact with bodily excretions or wounds.
Moving from contaminated body site to clean body site.
After glove removal.
Sample Procedure for performing hand hygiene
(Alcohol based hand rub) CORRECT ANSWERS -Dispense the recommended volume
of product
-Apply product to palm of one hand
-Rub hands together, covering all surfaces of hand and finger till dry
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