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NATS 1870 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
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NATS 1870 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS ANDACCURATE ANSWERS
through accommodation, your eye can change its refractive power to help it focus
images by
changing the shape of the lens itself, via attached ciliary muscles contracting or
relaxing it (lesson 13)
we have blurry vision in water - such as in a swimming pool - because
cornea itself is mostly made of water - reducing the difference in indices of refraction.
(lesson 13)
a person born with no (functioning) retina in his eyes would
be completely blind
though the eye and camera share the light capturing functionalities in common between
them, the eye differs from a camera in another key subsequent functionality known as
transduction
in what sense might we be using colours as symbols?
colours are symbols for different light stimuli
t or f: cones require brighter lighting conditions than rods to function
true (chapter 13)
without any blood vessels attached to them, and themselves composed of tightly
packaged crystalline fibres, cornea and lens remain
transparent (chapter 13)
what was the earliest form of vision like?
in black and white only, using rods (chapter 13)
which labelled position in this diagram indicated the location where most of the cones
can be found?
,D (chapter 13)
the image below is an example of one of the major ways we use colour. what is it?
distinguishing between objects and all others chapter 13
of the following aspects associated with colour perception, which one do you think
science understands and can describe the BEST?
anatomy of eye chapter 13
of the three images below which one shows how an image would focus in a person who
has near sightedness?
c chapter 13
which of the following parts of the human eye do NOT contribute to the focussing of the
in-coming light?
all contribute to focussing all: cornea, aqueous humour, vitreous humour, lens
(lesson 13)
opponent colour system
subtracts cone signals from each other to distinguish colours (lesson 13)
the S, M and L type cones evolved in past organisms at different times in history. rank
their first appearance in chronological order from oldest to most recent
L-S-M (lesson 13)
which of the following is NOT true about photoreceptors?
they are all primarily concentrated at the fovea
(true statements: there are about 100 million of them in each human eye, they are neural
cells, there are no photoreceptors at the blind spot of each eye)
(lesson 13)
why are the terms 'pupil dilation' and 'pupil constriction' technically incorrect?
it is not the pupil itself that dilates or constricts (lesson 13)
which of the following is responsible for almost all of the refraction of light in the eye?
, cornea and lens (Lesson 13)
what would be an advantage of having trichromatic colour vision over dichromatic?
increased ability to distinguish differences between colours (Lesson 13)
the question "what colour"
taps into both objective and physical explanations involving light and subjective
description of the perceptions by the brain Lesson 13
the term 'action potential' is used to describe
the spread of an electrical signal within a neural cell (chapter 14)
why is cone vision sharper/finer detail detected than rod vision?
due to the low convergence of cones with a single cone feeding onto a single neuron
receiving its signal (chapter 14)
how do the bipolar and horizontal cells 'know' a photon had been absorbed and
converted into a neural signal by the photoreceptor cell in front of them?
There is a reduction in the neurotransmitters sent to them from the photoreceptor.
Lesson 14
As this diagram of the 'electrical wiring' of rods-to-ganglion-cell red circle versus
cones-to-ganglion-cells shows,
'rod-vision' is much more sensitive than 'cone-vision' since output from multiple rods
converges together to trigger a single ganglion cell to fire Lesson 14
According to the dark adaptation curves below how long does it take our eyes to
become completely dark adapted for example after coming into a dark room from the
bright outdoors?
At least 20 minutes lesson 14
Each of our 3 types of cone receptors are more sensitive to a different wavelength of
light because
each type of cone photo receptors contains a photo pigment molecule with a different
absorption spectrum (lesson 14)
because of their initially undeveloped visual acuity, infants
can generally only perceive images with high bright/dark contrast and at close proximity
to them (lesson 14)
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