Class notes
Psy 232 Comprehensive Notes
- Course
- PSY 232
- Institution
- University Of Rhode Island
Detailed and comprehensive note for Psy 232.
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PSY 232 Notes 1/25Nature vs Nurture
● Nature- the individuals inherited biological predispositions
● Nurture- the influences of the social and cultural environment like
family, community and experiences.
Life-span perspective
● Pattern of change that begins at conception and continues throughout
life
● The emphasis on developmental change throughout adult and childhood
● Constructed throughout biological, sociocultural, and individuals factors
Life-span development important
● Prepares the individuals to take responsibility for having or being
around children
● Gives them insight into themselves
● Gives knowledge about what individuals lives will be like as they age
Development is:
● Lifelong
● Multidimensional
● Multidirectional
● Plastic- People's development is malleable, always room for change
● Multidisciplinary
● Contextual
○ Normative age-graded influences- Similar for individuals in a
particular age group
■ Starting school, puberty, menopause, retirement
○ Common generational experiences- Due to historical events
■ 1960s to 70s civil and women's rights movements
■ 9/11 terrorist attacks
○ Non-normative life events- Unusual occurrences that have a
major life impact
■ Death of a parent, winning the lottery, trauma/abuse,
experiencing fame
Sociocultural contexts and diversity
● Culture: interactions, behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products
of a group passed on from generation to generation
, ○ Cross cultural studies: comparing aspects of cultures to gain
information about their developmental similarity
● Ethnicity: based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race,
religion, and language
● Socioeconomic status: grouping of people with similar occupational,
educational, amd economic characteristics
● Gender: characteristics of people as males, females or transgender, and
sociocultural challenges
Life Expectancy
● People live longer now compared to the average life expectancy in the
prehistoric era of 18
● Better sanitation, nutrition and medical advancement
Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processes- The nature of
development
Biological processes
● Changes in an individual’s physical nature
Cognitive processes
● Changes in an individual’s thought, intelligence, and language
Socioemotional processes
● Changes in an individual’s relationships, emotions, and personality
Processes and Periods of Development
● Prenatal- conception to birth
● Infancy- birth to 18 to 24 months
● Early childhood- 3 to 5 years
● Middle and late childhood- 6 to 10/11 years
● Adolescence- 10/12 to 18/21 years
● Early adulthood- 20s to 30s
● Middle adulthood- 40s and 50s
● Late adulthood- 60s and 70s to death
Developmental Issues
Stability-change issue: debate about the degree to which the individual
● Becomes an older version of the early self with the same traits persisting
through life
OR
● Develops into someone dierent from who they were at an earlier point
in development
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