Summary
Summary PSY 103 Summarized Ch.2 Reading Notes
- Course
- PSY 103
- Institution
- University Of Rhode Island
This is a comprehensive and detailed summarized reading note on chapter 2; personality for Psy 103. *Essential Study Material!!
[Show more]
Content preview
What Is Personality?● Consistency of behavior across situations lies at the core of personality
● PERSONALITY: an individual's unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits
What Are Personality Traits?
● PERSONALITY TRAIT: a durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a
variety of situations.
● Adjectives that describe dispositions that represent personality traits:
○ Honest
○ Dependable
○ Moody
○ Impulsive
○ Suspicious
○ Anxious
● A small number of fundamental traits determine other more superficial traits
The Five-Factor Model of Personality
● The factor asserts that the vast majority of personality traits derive from 5
higher-order traits (Big Five)
○ Extraversion: outgoing, sociable, have a positive outlook
○ Neuroticism: anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure
○ Openness to experience: curiosity, flexibility, imaginativeness
○ Agreeableness: sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest, straightforward
○ Conscientiousness: well organized, punctual, and dependable
● Some theories argue only 2 or 3 of the traits are necessary to describe personality
while others think it is more than 5
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
● PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES: all the diverse theories descended from the work
of Sigmund Freud that focus on unconscious mental forces
● Freud devoted himself to the treatment of mental disorders using psychoanalysis
● PSYCHOANALYSIS: requires lengthy verbal interactions in which Freud probed
deeply into patients’ lives
● Freud’s Claims
○ Unconscious forces govern human behavior
, ○ Childhood experiences strongly determine adult personality
○ Individuals’ personalities are shaped by how they cope with their sexual
urges
Structure of Personality
● Freud divided personality into: the id, the ego, and the superego
● THE ID: the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the
pleasure principle
○ Houses raw biological urges (to sleep, eat, defecate, ect)
○ Pleasure principle- demands immediate gratification of these urges
● THE EGO: the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the
reality principle
○ It considers social realities (norms, etiquette, rules) when deciding how to behave
○ Reality principle- delayed gratification of the id’s urges until appropriate outlets
and situations can be found
○ Basically works to tame the despises of the id
○ The ego stripes to avoid negative consequences from society and achieve goals
that can put off gratification
● THE SUPEREGO: the moral component of personality that incorporates social
standards about what represents right and wrong
○ Especially during childhood individuals receive training about what constitutes
good and bad behavior
○ Ppl accept certain moral principles & put pressure on themselves to live up to
these standards
○ Superego emerges at 3 to 5 years of age
● CONSCIOUS: consists of whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time
○ Current train of thought
● PRECONSCIOUS: contains material just beneath the surface of awareness that can be
easily retrieved
● UNCONSCIOUS:contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the
surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on one’s
behavior
○ Includes forgotten trauma from childhood or hidden feelings of hostility toward a
parent
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anyiamgeorge19. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77254 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now