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BIOS 256 Final Exam with Complete Solutions
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BIOS 256 Final Exam with Complete Solutions
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BIOS 256 Final Exam with Complete SolutionsWhat factors stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus? Correct Ans-Increased blood
osmolarity(more solutes)
Decreased blood volume
Decreased blood pressure
Dry mouth
What does a decreased blood pressure stimulate in the kidneys? Correct Ans-Stimulates
the release of renin, which increases angiotensin II formation, leading to increased thirst,
increased water intake, and increased blood volume, and increased blood pressure
What are the two main solutes in extracellular fluid and in urine? Correct Ans-Na+ and Cl-
ADH function Correct Ans-ADH responds to increased osmolarity, by inserting aquaporins
in late DCT and collecting ducts, which increases the permeability to water and allows for
, BIOS 256 Final Exam with Complete Solutions
more water to be reabsorbed, decreasing blood osmolarity, increasing blood volume,
increasing blood pressure
What are the two most important hormones in renal reabsorption and urine regulation?
Correct Ans-Aldosterone and ANP
When is RAAS activated? Correct Ans-Decreased blood pressure or Na+ deficiency in
plasma, this causes an increase in renin release which activates the RAAS system. This
increases Na+ reabsorption and water reabsorption in the late DCT and collecting ducts
Functions of ANP Correct Ans-ANP responds to increased blood volume and increased
stretch of atria of the heart, promoting natriuresis (elevated excretion of Na+ into urine).
Where sodium goes, water follows, therefore there is also a loss of water, and a decrease in
blood volume.
What are the most abundant cation and anion of ECF? Correct Ans-Na+ and Cl-
, BIOS 256 Final Exam with Complete Solutions
What are the most abundant cation and anion of the ICF? Correct Ans-K+, proteins, and
phosphates
what are male gametes? Correct Ans-Sperm
What are female gametes? Correct Ans-Secondary oocytes
Embryonic period? Correct Ans-From fertilization through the eighth week of development
Fetal period? Correct Ans-Begins at week 9 and continues on until birth
Describe the first trimester? Correct Ans-The first trimester is from conception to 13
weeks. This period is very critical to babies health due to the extensive oran-system
development, and baby is most vulnerable to teratogens.
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