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NUR 340 Exam #2 Questions With Verified Detailed Answers
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NUR 340 Exam #2 Questions With VerifiedDetailed Answers
what is cancer?
inability of cells to control growth of abnormal cells
what do you call a tumor that grows and doesn't serve any useful purpose?
neoplasm
what are the differences between benign and malignant tumors?
B: typically harmless, localized growth, slow growing, well defined borders, normally
stop growing once reaches boundaries of another tissue
how do the majority of cancers spread?
via the blood or via lymph nodes
Where are lymph nodes located?
neck, armpit, groin
Name some possible risk factors for cancer
Diet
Smoking/secondhand smoking
Chemical exposure
Radiation exposure
Age
Genetics
Race
Gender
What is anorexia cachexia syndrome?
Common syndrome experienced at end of life due to cancer/chemo trx, loss of appetite,
,muscle wasting
What is the most common symptom people seek health care for and they dont know its
because of cancer?
Weight loss
Why do we see weight loss w/ cancer?
Malignant tumors suck everything from the body in order to grow
What is one of the main causes of cancers pain?
Direct tumor involvement ex: tumor may be on bone or nerve causing severe pain
What are a few of the most common ways to diagnose cancers?
X-rays, ultrasound, biopsy, MRI, CT scans, mammogram, etc
What does it mean to stage a cancerous tumor?
Cells are looked at and named from a biopsy
What is meant by staging a tumor?
Classify the degree in which its spread
What is meant by grading a tumor?
To determine the aggressiveness
What surgical procedure is used to stage and diagnose almost all cancers?
Surgical resection
What does it mean to do a palliative procedure? What would be an example?
A procedure that eases symptoms, but does NOT cure diagnosis
Ex; Colon cancer. A surgeon may go in to lessen the size of a tumor so the patient can
still pass stool
How does chemotherapy work?
Use of toxic drugs to stop cancerous cell cycle
What is metastasis?
The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site.
Side effects from chemotherapy medication's may include?
- Bone marrow depression*****
, - hair loss
- n/v
What are the 2 forms of radiation? What is the difference between the two?
- Brachytherapy & teletherapy
- B: internal
- T: external
What precautions must be taken with brachytherapy?
Because you're pretty much radioactive stay away from anyone under 18 and anyone
trying to conceive or pregnant woman
What would a nurse instruct a patient who has received teletherapy?
- Perform mouth care frequently
- instruct the patient to mouthwash with non-alcoholic mouthwash
- inform patient to use a soft bristle toothbrush
What virus is found in 90% of cases of women that have cervical cancer?
HPV
Why have cases of cervical cancer gone down?
We have early diagnosis from Pap smears. Catch it early, treat it early.
WE HAVE TO ENCOURAGE FEMALE PATIENTS TO GET ROUTINE PAP SMEARS
What are main sings and symptoms of cervical cancer?
- bleeding after intercourse
- bleeding b/t periods
- (advanced) but pain in lower back/thighs
What are risk factors for cervical cancer?
- Women who have had several babies
- smoking
- long-term use of birth control
- STDs
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