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PN 2003 final Exam Questions and Answers
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PN 2003 final Exam Questions and Answers
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PN 2003 final Exam Questions andAnswers
Insulin. - - - Pancreatic hormone necessary for the metabolism of glucose.
- Insulin independence - - - ability of client's own naturally produced insulin
to regulate blood glucose levels within consistently normal ranges.
- Insulin resistance - - - decreased sensitivity to insulin at the tissue level
- Insulin : type 1 - - no insulin is produced
- Insulin : type 2 - - not enough insulin
- Hypoglycemia - - low level of sugar in the blood
- Hyperglycemia - - is an increased level of sugar in the blood
- Alzheimer's disease: early stage - - mild impairment, short term memory
loss and depression
- Alzheimer's disease: middle stage - - increased need for assistance with
ADL's (Activities of daily living and IADL's (instrumental activities of daily
living)
- Alzheimer's disease - - Late Stage
24-hour care is required, unable to communicate or look after themselves
- What are characteristics of vascular? - - Vascular Dementia is caused by
small cerebral infarctions. Brain damage may be local or systemic, the onset
is more rapid, and the disease progresses more predictably
onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
caused by damage to the brain from small infarctions
caused by circulatory problems with insufficient blood flow and oxygen
reaching the brain
Risk factors include
- smoking - vasoconstriction constricts the flow of blood to the brain
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia - atherosclerosis causes narrowed blood flow to brain
, - inactivity
- history of stoke or cardiovascular disease
- What is dementia? - - Dementia is an irreversible, progressive impairment
in cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
- Signs and Symptoms of dementia - - Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
- What is front temporal dementia? - - Dementia is an irreversible,
progressive impairment in cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
1. Memory Impairment
2. Aphasia: difficulty speaking
3. Apraxia: speech muscle impairment
4. Agnosia: inability to recognize faces, objects, or places
5. Disturbance in executive functioning
Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
Frontal Temporal Dementia is characterized by neuronal atrophy affecting
the frontal lobes of the brain rather neurofibrillary tangles and plaques as
seen in Alzheimer's.
- shrinking of the frontal lobes of the brain
Language Abnormalities
- logorrhea: unfocused speech
- echolalia: spontaneous repetition of words/phrases
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