NUR 243 Exam 1 Study Questions and
Solutions
Properties of an Ideal Drug ✅effectiveness, safety, selectivity
Drug effectiveness ✅how well a drug works. Most important property a drug can have
Safety of a drug ✅drug cannot produce harmful effects
Selectivity of a drug ✅drug elicits only the response for which it is given
Factors in determining the intensity of drug responses ✅administration,
pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, sources of individual variation
Factors in determining the intensity of drug responses: drug administration
✅medication errors, patient adherence
Factors in determining the intensity of drug responses: pharmacokinetics ✅absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion
Factors in determining the intensity of drug responses: pharmacodynamics ✅drug-
receptor interaction, patients functional state, placebo effects
Factors in determining the intensity of drug responses: sources of individual variation
✅physiologic variables, pathologic variables, genetic variables, drug interactions
5 rights of drug administration ✅right drug, patient, dose, route, time
Additional rights of drug administration ✅right assessment, right documentation, right
evaluation, pt.'s right to education, and pt.'s right to refusal
Application of pharmacology in patient care ✅Preadministration assessment, dosage
and administration, evaluating and promoting therapeutic effects, minimizing adverse
effects, minimizing adverse interactions, making PRN decisions, managing toxicity
Application of Pharmacology in Patient Education ✅Drug name and therapeutic
category, dosage size, dosing schedule, route and technique of administration,
expected therapeutic response and when it should develop, non drug measures to
enhance therapeutic responses
, Application of the Nursing Process ✅Preadministration assessment, analysis and
nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation (educate using printed materials),
evaluation
Stages of Drug Development ✅Preclinical testing, clinical testing (Phase I, Phases II
and III, Phase IV: post marketing surveillance)
Drug Names ✅Chemical name (chemical structure), generic name (based off the
active ingredient), trade name/ brand name (based of the producing company)
Over-the-counter drugs ✅For initial therapy with self medication
Can wreak havoc
The purpose of preadministration assessment ✅Focused assessments of the patient's
current status and anticipate actions of the medications and potential side effects
Phase I of the clinical testing of new drugs ✅focus of safety and correct dose
Phase II of the clinical testing of new drugs ✅focus on effectiveness and side effects
Phase III of the clinical testing of new drugs ✅compares new treatment to existing
treatment
Phase IV of the clinical testing of new drugs ✅treatment is approved and available.
Long term effects are observed
Over-the-counter medicine abuse ✅Often toxic dose is not much higher than
therapeutic dose
Pharmacokinetics ✅study of drug movement throughout the body. Includes absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Drug absorption ✅Lipid solubility, route, dose
Drug metabolism ✅Cytochrome P450 system (CYP450 enzymes catalyze chemical
reactions which ultimately metabolize medications), age, first pass effect (when drugs
may go extensive metabolism, leaving little for systemic use)
Passage of Drugs across membranes ✅Direct penetration by lipid soluble drugs.
Protein channels, gates open and close either by voltage gating or assist of chemical
substances (ex: Na+ and K+)
Routes of Drug Administration ✅Inhaled, oral, parenteral (outside the intestines-
intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular), transdermal, topical, rectal
