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Chem 103 Exam 1 review - UW Madison with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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Chem 103 Exam 1 review - UW Madison with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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Chem 103 Exam 1 review - UW Madisonwith complete solutions 2024/2025
What is an acid? - ANSWER-solution has an excess of H+ ions
What is a base? - ANSWER-solution has an excess of hydroxyl ions (OH-)
What is neutralization? - ANSWER--process where acid and base are mixed until
they become neutral and the PH is 7.
What are the two products of a neutralization chemical reaction? - ANSWER-
water and salt ( The type of salt depends on acid or base added to neutralize.)
What is a weak acid? - ANSWER-an acid that only partially ionizes in an aqueous
solution. This means that not every molecule breaks apart.
pH - ANSWER-is a measurement of how acidic or how basic a solution is.
Why is pH important to biology? - ANSWER-Cells survive in a specific pH range.
Human blood is maintain at 7pH for homostasis.
The stomach has acids to break down food.
Bile from the liver is a base which breaks down fats & grease.
What is a buffer? - ANSWER-a substance to help to neutralize/balance pH levels.
What are pH indicators? - ANSWER-They are used to tell you the pH value.
Examples are phenalphelein and bromthymol blue.
What are the properties of an acid? - ANSWER-taste sour, conduct electricity,
corrosive, reacts with metals, turns litmus paper red.
,Give examples of acids - ANSWER-HCL which is in your stomack.
Sulfuric acid which is used a lot in industries to make fertilzers, paints, etc.
Tums antacid used to neutralize stomach acids.
What are some uses of bases? - ANSWER-soaps and cleaning products
used in batteries
What are some examples of bases? - ANSWER-lye used to make soap.
Liquid plummer used for clogged drains. Baking Soda and Baking powder
What is the main neutral substance? - ANSWER-water
How is a salt chemically formed? - ANSWER-When you add acid or base to
neutralize a solution the products formed are water and salts.
A change in pH units represents a tenfold change in the acidity of the solution
(logarithmic scale). If one solution has a pH of 1 and a second solution has a pH
of 2, the first solution is not twice as acidic a the second it is ______times more
acidic. - ANSWER-ten (logarithmic)
What is a pH scale? - ANSWER-a logarithmic scale that indicates the pH of a
solution. It ranges from 0 - 14.
On the pH scale, what numbers represent an acid? - ANSWER-0-6
On the pH scale, what numbers represent a base? - ANSWER-8-14
On the pH scale, what number represents a neutral solution? - ANSWER-7
What is a weak acid? - ANSWER-An acid that only partially ionizes (breaks down)
in a solution. Weak acids are close to 7pH
What is a weak base? - ANSWER-A weak base will only parttally ionize in a
solution. This means that not every molecule breaks apart.
What is a chemical change? - ANSWER-When a change in composition occurs
giving new substances with new properties.
Example when wood changes to carbon. Wood and carbon do not have similar
properties.
,WHat is a physical change? - ANSWER-When a change does NOT change the
composition.
What are indicators of a chemical change? - ANSWER-Observations such as what
you see( color change, precipitant (solids in solutions)
Hear-boom Smell Taste-sour/sweet Feel-hot or cold.
Also, bubbles indicate gas..
What is the law of conservation of mass? - ANSWER-Mass is not created nor
destroyed.
What is a chemical formula? - ANSWER--chemical symbols represent molecules
with subscripts to represent the number of that element.
NaCl represents table salt.
Reactants are on the right or left of the -> (yield) sign in a chemical equation. -
ANSWER-left
Products are on the left or right of the ->(yield) sign in a chemical equation. -
ANSWER-right
What does the -> represent in a chemical equation? - ANSWER-yield or to
produce
What is a chemical equation? - ANSWER-It represents with chemical formulas a
chemical change/reaction.
When one molecule splits apart and switch places this is called a __ reaction. -
ANSWER-replacement type of chemical reaction
What is a reactant in a chemical equation? - ANSWER-They are substances that
are present before the chemical change takes place. They are what you put into
the chemical reaction to cause a chemical change.
What is a product in a chemical equation? - ANSWER-Chemicals that are formed
during the chemical change.
When energy is absorbed in a chemical reaction it is a __reaction. - ANSWER-
endothermic
, When energy is released in a cheicial reaction it is a __reaction> - ANSWER-
exothermic ( usually in the form of heat)
What does a neutralization chemical reaction produce? - ANSWER-water and salt
A chemical reaction is when a __ change has occurred. - ANSWER-chemical
What happens to the old molecules in a chemical reaction? - ANSWER-They
rearrange into new molecules
What is activation energy? - ANSWER-The energy needed to start a chemical
reaction.
What is a coefficient? - ANSWER-The number in front of a chemical formula
which tells how many of that molecules is needed to balance the chemical
equation.
Chemical reactions will produce - ANSWER-new substances.
A __ represents a chemical reaction - ANSWER-chemical equation
What happens in a chemical reaction? - ANSWER-bonds between atoms are
broken and new bonds are formed.
Why are chemical equations balanced? - ANSWER-When chemical equations are
balanced they have the same number of the same atom on both sides of the
equation. This is because of the law of conservation of matter.
How does a catalyst increase the reaction rate? - ANSWER-by lowering the
activation energy
Describe the types of chemcial reactions? - ANSWER-Synthesis A + B -> AB
(single product)
Decomposition AB-> A + B ( breaks down into smaller elements)
Single Replacement AB + C -> AC + B
Double Replacement AB + CD -> AD + BC
Neutralization acid + base -> water + salt
What is a synthesis chemical equation? - ANSWER-When two ro more
substances combine in a chemical reaction to form another substance .
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