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UND 221 Non-Directional Beacon (NDB) Questions Graded A+
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UND 221 Non-Directional Beacon (NDB)
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UND 221 Non-Directional Beacon (NDB)What is the Class and Range of an Non-Directional Beacon or NDB? - answer
Compass locator - 15 nm
MH (Med. Homing) - 25 nm
H (Homing) - 50 nm
HH (High Homing) - 75 nm
What is the frequency range of the NDB? - answer190 to 535 Kilohertz (low to medium
frequency)
How does the NDB operate? - answer Sends out radio energy in all directions
Listen to morse code all the time to make sure the NDB is still functional
What is the NDB and how is it used? - answer The nondirectional radio beacon (NDB) is
ground based radio transmitter that transmits radio energy in all directions. The ADF,
when used with an NDB, determines the bearing from the aircraft to the transmitting
station. The indicator may be mounted in a separate instrument in the aircraft panel.
The ADF needle points to the NDB ground station to determine the relative bearing (RB)
to the transmitting station. It is the number of degrees measured clockwise between the
aircrafts heading and the direction from which the bearing is taken. Uses MH RB.
What is Relative Bearing (RB)? - answerThe ADF needle points to the NDB ground
station to determine the RB to the transmitting station. RB is the number of degrees
measured clockwise between the aircraft heading and the direction from which the
bearing is taken.
What is MH or Magnetic Heading? - answerThe direction that the aircraft is pointed with
respect to magnetic north.
What is MB or Magnetic Bearing? - answerThe direction to or from a radio transmitting
station measured relative to magnetic north.
NDB components: - answerThe ground equipment, the NDB, transmits the frequency
range of 190 to 535 kHz. Most ADF's also tune the AM broadcast band frequencies
above the NDB band (550 t0 1650 kHz). However, these frequencies are not approved
for navigation because stations do not continously identify themselves, and they are
much more susceptible to sky wave propagation especially from dusk to dawn. NDB
stations are capable of voice transmission and are often used for transmitting the
Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS). The aircraft must be in operational
range of the NDB. Coverage depends on the strenght of the transmitting station. Before
, relying on ADF indications, identify the station by listening to morse code identifier. NDB
stations are usually two letters or an alpha numeric combination.
ADF components: - answerThe airborne equipment includes two antennas: a receiver
and the indicator instrument. The "sense" antenna (non-directional) receives signals
with nearly equal efficiency from all directions. The "loop" antenna receives signals
better from two directions (bidirectional). When the loop and sense antenna inputs are
processed together in the ADF radio, the result is the ability to receive radio signal well
in all directions but one, thus resolving all directional ambiguity. The indicator instrument
can be one of four kinds: Fixed-card ADF, rotatable compass-card ADF, or radio
magnetic indicator (RMI) with either one needle or dual needle. Fixed card ADF (also
known as the relative bearing indicator (RBI)) always indicates zero at the top of the
instrument, with the needle indicating the RB to the station.
What is the ADF used for? - answerThe ADF can be used to plot your position, track
inbound and outbound, and intercept a bearing.
What are the errors of the NDB? - answer1. Thunderstorm Effect
2. Night (Twilight) Effect
3. Interference
4. Mountain Effect
5. Coastal Effect
What is Thunderstorm Effect? - answerCauses the ADF needle to be deflected toward a
nearby electrical storm and away from the selected NDB.
What is Night (Twillight) Effect? - answerAt night, NDB signals can be refracted by the
ionosphere and then return to earth as string sky waves, causing interference with the
normal NDB surface waves resulting in a fading signal and a wandering ADF needle
(most pronounced at dusk and dawn).
What is interference? - answerOccurs from other NDB's transmitting on similiar
frequencies (this can be particularly significant at night).
What is Mountain Effect? - answerThis is caused by reflections of the NDB signals from
mountains.
What is Coastal Effect? - answerThis is caused by the NDB signal bending slightly
towards the coastline when crossing it at an angle.
How do you tune and identify an NDB? - answer1. You must positively identiffy an NDB
before using it for navigation .
2. Monitor the ident continously during use.
3. If you hear an incorrect or test ident, the NDB must not be used for navigation.
What are the Advantages of an NDB? - answerCheap
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