NUR 529 - Exam 1 (Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance) Questions and Correct Answers
5 views 0 purchase
Course
NUR 529
Institution
NUR 529
Urine osmolality Reflects the kidney's ability to produce a concentrated or dilute urine based on serum osmolality and the need for water conservation or excretion.
Tonicity The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water.
Cells placed in a hypotonic solution...
NUR 529 - Exam 1 (Fluid, Electrolytes,
and Acid-Base Balance) Questions and
Correct Answers
Urine osmolality ✅Reflects the kidney's ability to produce a concentrated or dilute urine
based on serum osmolality and the need for water conservation or excretion.
Tonicity ✅The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose
water.
Cells placed in a hypotonic solution ✅swell as water moves inside the cell
Cells placed in a hypertonic solution ✅shrink as water is pulled out of the cell
Capillary/Interstitial Fluid Exchange ✅The transfer of water between the vascular and
interstitial compartments occurs at the capillary level.
Excess fluid is removed from interstitium by the lymphatic system and returned to
systemic circulation
4 forces that control movement of water between capillary and interstitial spaces ✅1)
capillary filtration pressure (pushes water out of the capillary into the interstitial spaces
2) capillary colloidal osmotic pressure (pulls water back into the capillary)
3) interstitial hydrostatic pressure (opposes the movement of water out of the capillary)
4) tissue colloidal osmotic pressure (pulls water out of the capillary into the interstitial
spaces)
Edema ✅palpable swelling produced by expansion of the interstitial fluid volume
Factors that contribute to edema ✅increases in capillary filtration pressure
Decrease in capillary colloidal osmotic pressure
Increases in capillary permeability
Obstruction to lymph flow
Conditions that cause increase in capillary pressurre ✅HF
Increased intravascular volume
Kidney disease
Premenstrual sodium retention
Pregnancy
Environmental heat stress
Thiazolidinedione therapy
Venous obstruction
, Liver dbsease with portal vein obstruction
Acute pulmonary edema
Venous thrombosis
Decreased arteriolar resistance
Ca-channel blocking drug response
Conditions that decrease colloidal osmotic pressure ✅increased loss of plasma
proteins
Protein-losing kidney diseases
Extensive burns
Decreased production of plasma proteins
Liver disease
Starvation, malnutrition
Conditions that increase capillary permeability ✅inflammation
Allergic reactions (hives)
Malignancy (eg ascites, pleural effusion)
Tissue injury and burns
Anasarca ✅generalized body edema, frequently the result of increased vascular
volume
Lymphedema ✅edema bc of impaired lymph flow caused by disruption or
malformation of the lymphatic system, develops as a result of high protein swelling in an
area of the body
Tissue-level effects of edema ✅increases the distance for diffusion of O2, nutrients,
and wastes
More susceptible to injury and development of ischemic tissue damage (pressure
ulcers)
Compresses blood vessels
What causes pitting edema ✅accumulation of interstitial fluid exceeds the absorptive
capacity of the tissue gel - water becomes mobile and be translocated with pressure
exerted by a finger
What causes non pitting edema ✅plasma proteins have accumuled in the tissue
spaces and coagulated; seen most commonly in areas of localized infection or trauma
and is firm and discolored
How to assess edema ✅daily weight (same time each day in same amount of
clothing), visual assessment, measurement of the affected part, application of finger
pressure to assess for pitting edema
1L water weighs 1 kg
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
