Exam (elaborations)
CDM (EXAM 2 2024) WITH QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE SOLUTION.
CDM (EXAM 2 2024) WITH QUESTIONS
AND COMPLETE SOLUTION.
highlgranulocyteslandllowllymphocytesl-lCORRECTlANSWER-BACTERIALlINFECTION
**Shiftltolthelleft**
Lymphocyteslarellowlandltheleosinophilslarelelevatedl-lCORRECTlANSWERSeasonallAllergies
**whenleosinophilslarelhighlthatlindicateslallergie...
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CDM (EXAM 2 2024) WITH QUESTIONS
AND COMPLETE SOLUTION.
highlgranulocyteslandllowllymphocytesl-lCORRECTlANSWER-BACTERIALlINFECTION
**Shiftltolthelleft**
Lymphocyteslarellowlandltheleosinophilslarelelevatedl-lCORRECTlANSWER-
SeasonallAllergies
**whenleosinophilslarelhighlthatlindicateslallergies**
MainlbacterialthatlcauseslalUTIl-lCORRECTlANSWER-E.coli
MainlmedicationltoltreatlUTIl-lCORRECTlANSWER-Cipro
DoeslCiprolworklonlEnterococcuslFaecalis?l-lCORRECTlANSWER-Nolitlislresistant!!!
Whatlwouldlyouldo?
*calllphysicianlforlnewlantibiotic.
Vancomycinlpeakl-lCORRECTlANSWER-showsluslthelhighestllevellforlthislpatient
VancomycinlTroughl-lCORRECTlANSWER-
Lowestllevelloflthelvancomycinlthatlcanlbelusedltolbeleffectivelforlthatlpatient.
Ifltheirltroughlislwithinlnormalllimitsldolyoulchangeltheldose?l-lCORRECTlANSWER-
No,lbecauselitlindicateslthatlthelmedlisleffectivelevenlatlallowllevel,lsoltherelislnolreasonltolra
iselit.
IflRBCslarellowlorlhighlwhatldolwellooklat?l-lCORRECTlANSWER-
Hemoglobinl&lHematocrit
MCVlandlMCHlarelhighlbutlthelMCHClislnormall-lCORRECTlANSWER-Macrocyticlanemia
Macrocyticlanemial-lCORRECTlANSWER-
anemialinlwhichlthelredlbloodlcellslarellargerlthanltheirlnormallvolume.
Macrocytesl-lCORRECTlANSWER-WithoutlenoughlvitaminlB-
12,lthelbodylwilllproducelabnormallyllargelredlbloodlcellslcalledlmacrocytes.lBecauseloflthei
rllargelsize,ltheselabnormallcellslmaylnotlbelableltolleavelthelbonelmarrow,lwherelredlbloodl
cellslarelmade,landlenterlthelbloodstream.lThisldecreaseslthelamountlofloxygen-
carryinglredlbloodlcellslinlthelbloodstreamlandlcanlleadltolfatiguelandlweakness.
,FoliclAcidlAnemial-lCORRECTlANSWER-NotlenoughlVitaminlB9.
l Iflyoulhavelallackloflfolate,lyourlredlbloodlcellsllookllargelandlimmature.
Causes
*MOSTlCOMMONlCAUSElISlMALNUTRITION
-Notlenoughlfoliclacidlinltheldiet
l-greenlleafy,lbeans,lwholelgrains,lcitruslfruits
-highlalcohollconsumption
l-harderlforlintestinesltolabsorblfolate
-celiacldisease
-cancer
-pregnancy
FoliclAcidlAnemialS/Sl-lCORRECTlANSWER--Mouthlsores
-Reducedlsenselofltaste
-Diarrhea
-Pinslandlneedleslfeelinglorlnumbnesslinlyourlhandslandlfeet
-Musclelweakness
-Depression
-Fatigue
-headache
-weightlloss
-palelskin
-racinglheart
FoliclAcidlAnemialPrevention/Treatmentl-lCORRECTlANSWER--
Eatinglalhealthyldietlthatlincludeslfoodslrichlinlfoliclacidl
-Yourldoctorlwilllalsollikelylprescribelyoulaldailylfoliclacidlsupplement.
FoliclAcidlAnemialComplicationsl-lCORRECTlANSWER-Spinalbifidalinlnewlborn
Perniciouslanemial-lCORRECTlANSWER--AutoimmunelDisorder
lackloflmaturelerythrocyteslcausedlbylinabilityltolabsorblvitaminlB12lintolthelbloodstream
****lPerniciouslanemialislaltypeloflmacrocyticlanemia.lIt'slsometimeslcalledlmegaloblasticla
nemialbecauseloflthelabnormallyllargelsizeloflthelredlbloodlcellslproduced***
Perniciouslanemialcausesl-lCORRECTlANSWER-
Thelmostlcommonlcauselislthellossloflstomachlcellslthatlmakelintrinsiclfactor.lIntrinsiclfactorl
, helpslthelbodylabsorblvitaminlB12linlthelintestine.lThellossloflparietallcellslmaylbeldueltoldes
tructionlbylthelbody'slownlimmunelsystem.
PerniciouslanemialS/Sl-lCORRECTlANSWER--neurologicallchangeslmildlmemorylloss
-numbness
-tinglingl
-beefylredltongue
PerniciouslanemialTreatmentl-lCORRECTlANSWER-
treatedlbylalteringlyourldietlorladdinglalB-12lsupplementlorlB-
12linjectionltolyourlhealthcarelregimen.
RisklFactorslforlPerniciouslAnemial-lCORRECTlANSWER--familylhistorylofltheldisease
-typel1ldiabetes
-certainlintestinalldiseaseslsuchlaslCrohn'sldisease
-havinglhadlpartloflyourlstomachlorlintestineslremoved
-beingl60lyearslorlolder
-beinglstrictlylvegetarianlandlnotltakinglalB-12lsupplement
Perniciouslanemialcomplicationsl-lCORRECTlANSWER-
Thelmostldangerouslcomplicationlislgastriclcancer.
-nerveldamage
-digestiveltractlproblems
-memorylproblems
l-confusion,lorlotherlneurologicallsymptoms
-heartldamage
Whatlislheartlfailure?l-lCORRECTlANSWER-
thelinabilityloflthelheartltolpumplsufficientlbloodltolmeetlthelneedslofltheltissueslforloxygenlan
dlnutrients
ManagementloflHeartlFailurel-lCORRECTlANSWER--Relievelptloflsymptoms
-Improvelfunctionallstatuslandlqualitylofllife
-Extendlsurvival
Medicallmanagementldependslofltheltype,lseverity,landlcauseloflHF--
litlcanlincludelreducinglthelworkloadloflthelheartlbylreducinglpreloadlandlafterlload;leliminati
onloflcontributinglfactorslsuchlaslHTN.
Left-sidedlHeartlFailurel-lCORRECTlANSWER-Left-
sidedlheartlfailurelislthelmostlcommonltypeloflheartlfailure.
Thelleftlheartlventriclelisllocatedlinlthelbottomlleftlsideloflyourlheart.lThislarealpumpsloxygen
-richlbloodltolthelrestloflyourlbody.