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CNPR Pathophisiology Practice Test Exam
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CNPR Pathophisiology Practice Test Exam
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Page 1 of 100CNPR Pathophisiology Practice Test Exam
2024-2025
Which is the correct definition of the term syndrome? - answer-Answer: A group of
signs and symptoms of a disease
Rationale: A collective group of signs and symptoms that are a result of a disease
state is referred to as a syndrome. For example, a client with carpal tunnel syndrome
may experience signs of numbness, tingling, and weakness. A disorder is a disruption
of physiological function. A disease is a situation that is impairing functional abilities.
The individual's experience with a disease is referred to as an illness.
The nurse is caring for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which risk factor
would the nurse look for in the client's history? - answer-Answer: Obesity
Rationale: A risk factor is something that puts a client at a greater risk of developing a
certain disease. For example, obesity, insulin resistance, sedentary lifestyle, and high
blood pressure are all risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Understanding the biophysiological concept of mobility is an important aspect of
treating a client who has had a stroke. Which subconcept must the caregiver
understand? - answer-Answer: Balance
Rationale: The caregiver must have an understanding of the subconcept of balance
when caring for a client who has had a stroke. One common side effect of a stroke is
imbalance. The subconcept of coagulation is associated with diseases such as
pulmonary emboli and thrombocytopenia. The subconcept of hypoxia is associated with
diseases such as asthma and anemia. The subconcept of hormonal regulation is
associated with diseases such as diabetes mellitus and obesity.
A client has been diagnosed with the flu and is experiencing lethargy. What term is
used to describe this individual's experience with the flu? - answer-Answer: Illness
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Rationale: The term illness is used to describe the individual's experience with a
certain disease. In this case, the individual has the flu, which is the disease, and their
experience includes lethargy. Disease refers to a situation that is impairing functional
ability in some way. The term disorder is used to describe a disruption of physiological
or psychological function. The term syndrome refers to a group of signs or symptoms
associated with a disease.
A nurse is educating a client regarding modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for
developing coronary heart disease. Which nonmodifiable risk factor would the nurse
present to the client? - answer-Answer: Father having coronary heart disease
Rationale: Nonmodifiable risk factors are factors that lead to a higher risk of
developing a particular disease; however, they may not be altered. Examples of
nonmodifiable risk factors include age, race, and family history. Factors that may be
changed, such as smoking, exercise, and diet, are considered modifiable risk factors.
During a physical examination, the nurse charts that a client appears lethargic, has a
temperature of
102degrees° F, blood pressure of 118/75 mm/Hg, and is feeling sharp lower quadrant
abdominal pain. Which of these observations would be considered a symptom? -
answer-Answer: Sharp lower quadrant abdominal pain
Rationale: A symptom is a subjective sensation perceived by an individual that is not
observable. The sharp lower quadrant abdominal pain is a subjective sensation. The
temperature, blood pressure, and lethargy are all observable signs.
Which client would the nurse consider as having a chronic disease or injury? -
answer-Answer: Client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus
Rationale: A chronic disease has an enduring quality with lasting implications, such as
type 1 diabetes mellitus. Acute diseases are temporary in nature, such as the yearly
flu, strep throat, or broken bones.
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The nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
who is experiencing worsening shortness of breath and chest tightness. Which term is
correct in describing an increase in the severity of the disease? - answer-Answer:
Exacerbation
Rationale: An exacerbation is an increase in the severity of a disease. Remission is a
decrease in the severity of the disease. Etiology is the cause of the disease or
disorder. Remission refers to a decrease in the severity of a disease. A chronic
disease is a disease that is enduring and lasting in nature.
After caring for a client, the nurse forgets to wash their hands and subsequently
causes an infection in another client due to this error. Which term describes the illness
caused by a healthcare provider? - answer-Answer: Iatrogenic
Rationale: When the etiology of a disease is due to an error by a healthcare provider, it
is termed iatrogenic. Genomics refers to the study of the function of groups of genes in
terms of mediating physiological function. Idiopathic refers to a disease in which the
cause cannot be determined. The term syndrome refers to a group of signs and
symptoms due to a disease state.
The nurse is explaining the term genomics to a colleague. Which statement is
accurate? - answer-Answer: "Genomics refers to the study of the function of groups of
genes."
Rationale: Genomics examines the function of groups of genes in terms of mediating
physiological function.
The nurse is educating a client on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) eating
pattern options. Which pattern option should the nurse include in the education? -
answer-Answer: Healthy Mediterranean-Style
Rationale: The three eating pattern options that are outlined by the DGA are Healthy
Mediterranean-Style, Healthy Vegetarian, and Healthy U.S.-Style.
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A nurse is teaching an adult client about the quantity of fruits and vegetables that
should be consumed daily. Which quantity is accurate according to the Dietary
Guidelines for Americans? - answer-Answer: At least 4.5 cups
Rationale: An adult should consume at least 4.5 cups of fruits and vegetables daily in
order to obtain a variety of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals.
A nurse is educating a client on the types of fruits and vegetables they should
consume. Which statement would be accurate to provide to this client? - answer-
Answer: "Consume highly pigmented fruits and vegetables."
Rationale: Highly pigmented fruits and vegetables such as beets, spinach, squash, and
berries are more beneficial to a diet.
The nurse is teaching a client about the benefits of whole grains. Which statement by
the nurse is accurate? - answer-Answer: "Whole grains are nutrient-dense."
Rationale: Whole grains should be at least half of the daily intake of grains. Whole
grains promote satiety, moderate calorie intake, and are nutrient-dense. Whole grains
include oatmeal, popcorn, and couscous.
A nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
mellitus about sodium consumption. Which statement by the nurse would be accurate?
- answer-Answer: "Limit sodium intake to less than 1,500 mg/day."
Rationale: Clients with diabetes, hypertension, or chronic kidney disease should limit
their sodium intake to less than 1,500 mg/day.
In 2014, there were 19,999 new cases of syphilis reported in the United States. What
term describes this number? - answer-Answer: Incidence
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