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OCN - Exam Study Questions with Correct Answers
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OCN - Exam Study Questions with Correct Answers
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OCN - Exam Study Questions with CorrectAnswers
How to treat DIC - ✔✔Treat underlying cause
What does FFP do? - ✔✔Contains all of the clotting factors except platelets. Used to
supplement red blood cells when whole blood is not available or to correct a bleeding problem
of unknown cause. It is also used to correct DIC.
Most common cancer associated with DIC? - ✔✔Leukemia, specifically APL
Signs/Symptoms of DIC - ✔✔bleeding from 3 unrelated sites
hypoxia
SOB
fever
mottled extremities
Causes of DIC - ✔✔Delivery (of baby)
Infection
Cancer
How does Heparin help DIC? - ✔✔Interferes with thrombin production. Maintain PTT at 1-2
times the normal level (18-28 seconds)
S/S of septic shock - ✔✔Fever
Tachycardia
Hypotension
,Most common cause of sepsis - ✔✔Gram (-) bacteria
DIC - ✔✔Accelerated activation of the coagulation cascade. Clots form in random places
leaving the body open to bleeding without protection
Platelet count, Fibrinogen level, D Dimer, FDP Titer - ✔✔Tests to diagnose DIC
How to treat DIC - ✔✔Treat underlying cause
What does FFP do? - ✔✔Contains all of the clotting factors except platelets. Used to
supplement red blood cells when whole blood is not available or to correct a bleeding problem
of unknown cause. It is also used to correct DIC.
Most common cancer associated with DIC? - ✔✔Leukemia, specifically APL
Signs/Symptoms of DIC - ✔✔bleeding from 3 unrelated sites
hypoxia
SOB
fever
mottled extremities
Causes of DIC - ✔✔Delivery (of baby)
Infection
Cancer
How does Heparin help DIC? - ✔✔Interferes with thrombin production. Maintain PTT at 1-2
times the normal level (18-28 seconds)
,S/S of septic shock - ✔✔Fever
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Most common cause of sepsis - ✔✔Gram (-) bacteria
Granulocytopenia - ✔✔failure of the bone marrow to make enough
white blood cells (neutrophils)
Highest risk factor for sepsis - ✔✔Prolonged granulocytopenia (less than 500/mm3)
What cancer commonly produces TLS? - ✔✔High grade lymphoma
Define Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) - ✔✔metabolic imbalance that occurs with rapid tumor
kill
Lab results indicating DIC - ✔✔Increased D Dimer
Increased FDP
Decreased fibrinogen
Decreased platelets
Lab results indicitave of TLS - ✔✔Hyperkalemia (>5.0)
Hyperphosphatemia (>4.5)
Hyperuricemia (>8.0)
Hypocalcemia (>10.5)
Increased BUN (>20)
, Increased creatinine (>1.2)
Increased LDH (>333)
Lab tests done to monitor TLS - ✔✔K
Phos
Uric Acid
Calcium
LDH
Renal function (BUN, Creatinine)
How to treat severe hyperkalemia - ✔✔hypertonic glucose and insulin. Shifts extracellular K
back into intracellular stores
How does Allopurinol work? - ✔✔decreases uric acid production and decreases uric acid
deposits in kidney
How does Rasburicase work? - ✔✔catalyses the conversion of uric acid to allantoin
S/S of hyperkalemia - ✔✔muscle weakness
muscle cramps
bradycardia
tall T waves
S/S of hypokalemia - ✔✔decreased reflexes
irregular pulse
fatigue
N/V
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