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Neuroscience End of Chapter Questions & answers.
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Neuroscience End of Chapter Questions& answers.
Five days after a stroke, Mr. Peters cannot move his right arm and leg and lists to the right when seated
in his wheelchair. In which hemisphere did Mr. Peters experience a stroke? ANS -left hemisphere
After his motorcycle accident 1 year ago, Jim's personality and behavior have changed significantly. He
now has severe short-term memory problems and is disorganized, foul-mouthed, and impulsive. Jim can
neither foresee the consequences of his actions nor does he possess insight into his behaviors. Damage
of which cerebral lobe would largely be responsible for these problems? ANS -frontal
After his brain injury, Jack has difficulty regulating his temperature, has experienced acne due to
hormonal imbal ances, and is unable to assume a normal sleep-wake cycle. Which neurological structure
is primarily thought to be responsible for these functions? ANS -hypothalamus
After a gunshot wound to the head, Jose has been in a vegetative state. Although he shows no response
to verbal commands, his cough and gag reflex, swallowing reflex, and pupillary response all remain
intact. Which neurological structure is responsible for these reflexive functions? ANS -brainstem
From the time Francis was a young child, he displayed tics and uncontrollable movements (e.g. tongue
protrusion and neck snapping). Although these dyskinesias have improved somewhat as he has aged,
they still remain to a moderate extent as an adult. Which neurological structure is believed to be
responsible for this movement disorder? ANS -basal ganglia
Mr. Jones has been diagnosed with Parkinson disease and displays the festinating gait, intention
tremors, and masked face associated with this disease. Which neurological structure is believed to be
responsible for these symptoms and is often the target of drug and surgical treatment? ANS -basal
ganglia
Alice has been experiencing decreased proprioception; she has difficulty understanding the location of
her limbs in space and in relation to each other. She walks with great clumsiness or motor
incoordination and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging has most likely detected a tumor in which
neurological structure? ANS -cerebellum
,Josh, a 7 year old in elementary school, has difficulty interpreting others' emotions through their facial
expressions, verbal tone, and body language. He also has difficulty generating age-appropriate feelings
of empathy for his classmates. Josh has been given a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by his
pediatrician. Researchers have targeted which one of the below neurological structures as dysfunctional
in ASD? ANS -amygdala
When Mrs. Anderson walked into the hospital to visit her newly born grandson, the scents and odors of
the hospital setting reminded her of the time when, 5 years ago, her husband was a hospital patient
after experiencing cardiac arrest. Which 2 structures are primarily responsible for long-term memory
storage of emotionally laden events associated with a distinct odor? ANS -hippocampus and olfactory
bulb/tract
After a stroke, Ms. Rodriguez displays aphasia, a language disorder in which she has difficulty speaking
and inter preting others' words. Language disorders such as aphasia commonly occur in which
hemisphere? ANS -left
A newborn infant has increased cranial expansion with accompanying cranial suture separation and
neural tissue compression. This condition is called _____ and can result from _____ .
a. congenital hydrocephalus; foramina blockage, excessive production of CSF, choroid plexus tumors
b. normal pressure hydrocephalus; reduced absorption of CSF by the arachnoid villae
c. congenital hydrocephalus; reabsorption of CSF by the arachnoid villae
d. normal pressure hydrocephalus; foramina blockage ANS -congenital hydrocephalus; foramina
blockage, excessive production of CSF, choroid plexus tumors
Mr. Wilson has been diagnosed with normal pressure hydrocephalus. This form of hydrocephalus is
caused by _____ and can result in _____ .
1. blockage of the foramen of Luschka
2. impaired reabsorption of the CSF without foramina blockage
3. fontanel bulging and increased cranial expansion
4. dementia, incontinence, and gait abnormalities
,a. 1,3
b. 2,4
c. 1,4
d. 2,3 ANS -2,4
Joshua has been admitted to the emergency room after a severe auto vehicle accident in which he was a
passenger. He is diagnosed with increased intracranial pressure and neural tissue compression resulting
from hemorrhage into the subdural space. Traumatic brain injuries often involve:
a. blockage of the foramen of Magendie, resulting in hydrocephalus
b. rupture of the middle meningeal artery, resulting in hemorrhage ANS -rupture of the middle
meningeal artery, resulting in hemorrhage
Mrs. Greenly has been diagnosed with Parkinson disease. Her physician explains to the family that, while
several pharmaceutical options are available, none are highly effective because such drugs cannot reach
the brain. The neurological structure by which potentially toxic molecules are prevented from reaching
the brain is called the:
a. dura mater
b. cerebral aqueduct
c. blood-brain barrier
d. arachnoid villae ANS -blood-brain barrier
After his spinal cord injury, Andrew has no sensation above his nipple line. It is likely that his injury
occurred at which level of the spinal cord?
a. C4-C2
b. S1-L4
c. S5-S1
d. T3-T5 ANS -T3-T5
, Mr. Amadi was rushed to the hospital after experiencing pain in his left jaw that radiated down his left
arm. This type of pain is called _____ and occurs as a result of _____ .
1. neurogenic pain
2. referred pain
3. stimulation of a spinal nerve that innervates both a specific dermatome level and visceral organ
4. stimulation of adjacent sensory and motor spinal nerves
a. 1,3
b. 2,4
c. 1,4
d. 2,3 ANS -2,3
Ms. Henderson has been diagnosed with a lumbar disc rupture at L4, causing impingement of the
lumbosacral plexus. As a result, she has been experiencing severe pain in her back that radiates down
her legs. This type of pain is called:
a. sciatic pain or sciatica
b. brachial plexus pain
c. referred pain
d. angina ANS -sciatic pain or sciatica
Mr. Cho had a spinal cord injury that occurred at T6 1 year ago. He has spasticity in all muscle groups
below T7. Mr. Cho's spinal cord injury is considered:
a. a lower motor neuron injury
b. an upper motor neuron injury ANS -an upper motor neuron injury
When playing high school football, Tyler sustained a peripheral nerve injury at the brachial plexus when
he was hit by another player. As a result, he experienced a nerve root avulsion or severe tear. This injury
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