Summary
Summary AP Chemistry Exam Review questions and answers
- Course
- Institution
AP Chemistry Exam Review questions and answers
[Show more]
Content preview
AP Chemistry Exam Review questions andanswers
atomic number - The same as the number of protons in the nucleus of an
element; it is also the same as the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of
an element when it is neutrally charged.
mass number - The sum of an atom's neutrons and protons
isotopes - Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons
Avogadro's number - 6.022×10²³ particles per one mole
Moles - grams/molar mass
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) - Pressure = 1 atm
Temperature = 273 K
Converting from moles to liters - I mole of gas = 22.4 L
Moles and Solutions - Moles = (molarity)(liters of solution)
,AP Chemistry Exam Review questions and
answers
percent composition (mass percents) - The percent by mass of each element that
makes up a compound. It is calculated by dividing the mass of each element or
component in a compound by the total molar mass for the substance.
empirical formula - - Represents the simplest ratio of one element to another in a
compound
- Start by assuming a 100 g sample
- Convert percentages to grams
- Convert grams into moles
- Divide each mole value by the lowest of the values
- These values become the subscripts
molecular formula - - Determine the molar mass of the empirical formula
- Divide that mass into the molar mass
x = m/e
x = molar mass/ empirical mass
- Multiply all subscripts in the empirical formula by the value of x
,AP Chemistry Exam Review questions and
answers
Aufbau principle - States that when building up the electron configuration of an
atom, electrons are placed in orbitals, subshells, and shells in order of increasing
energy.
Pauli Exclusion Principle - States that the two electrons which share an orbital
cannot have the same spin. One electron must spin clockwise, and the other must
spin counterclockwise.
Hund's Rule - States that when an electron is added to a subshell, it will always
occupy an empty orbital if no one is available. Electrons always occupy orbitals
singly if possible and pair up only if no empty orbitals are available.
Coulomb's Law - The amount of energy that an electron has depends on its
distance from nucleus of an atom. While on the exam, you will not be required to
mathematically calculate the amount of energy a given electron has, you should
be able to qualitatively apply Coulomb's Law.
Essentially, the greater the charge of the nucleus, the more energy an electron will
have.
, AP Chemistry Exam Review questions and
answers
Quantum Theory - Max Planck figured out that electromagnetic energy is
quantized. That is, for a given frequency of radiation (or light), all possible
energies are multiples of a certain unit of energy, called a quantum
(mathematically, that's E = hv). So, energy changes do not occur smoothly but
rather in small but specific steps.
Energy and Electromagnetic Radiation - ΔE = hv = hc/λ
ΔE = energy change
h = Planck's constant, 6.626×10⁻³⁴ J∙s
v = frequency of the radiation
λ = wavelength of the radiation
c = the speed of light, 3.00×10⁸ m/s
Frequency and Wavelength - c = λv
*Inversely proportional*
c = speed of light in a vacuum (2.998×10⁸ m/s)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Ellah1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now