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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 12TH EDITION EXAM 4 CHAPTER 35-37,39 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 12TH EDITION EXAM 4 CHAPTER 35-37,39 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 12TH EDITIONEXAM 4 CHAPTER 35-37,39 QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
No-till agriculture - answer-plowing technique that minimally disturbs the soil, thereby
reducing soil loss.
Sieve plate - answer-end wall in a sieve-tube element, which facilitates the flow of
phloem sap in angiosperm sieve tubes.
Apical meristem - answer-localized region at growing tip of a plant body where one or
more cells divide repeatedly. The dividing cells enable the plant to grow in length.
Macronutrient - answer-essential element that an organism requires in large amounts
Crop rotation - answer-growing different crops in succession on same land to preserve
productive capacity of soil
Determinate growth - answer-a type of growth characteristic of most animals and some
plant organs, in which growth stops after a certain size is reached.
Pericycle - answer-the outermost layer of the vascular cylinder of a root, where lateral
roots sprout from.
Sugar sink - answer-a plant organ that is a net consumer or storer of sugar. Growing
roots, shoot tips, stems, and fruits are sugar sinks supplied by phloem.
Phloem sap - answer-the sugar-rich solution carried through a plant's sieve tubes.
Cell - answer-fundamental unit of life
Tissue - answer-group of cells that perform specialized function
Organ - answer-group of tissues that work together to perform particular functions
Photosynthate - answer-sugar and other carbohydrates made during photosynthesis
Root - answer-an organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to
absorb water and minerals from the soil.
Primary root - answer-originates in seed embryo and 1st root/organ to emerge from
germinating seed.
, Lateral roots - answer-forms after the primary root branches and enhances roots
function
Taproot - answer-a main vertical root that develops from an embryonic root and gives
rise to lateral (branch) roots, forms from primary root.
Fibrous root system - answer-a root system common to monocots consisting of a mat of
thin roots spreading out below the soil surface.
Adventitious - answer-when plant organ grows in unusual location
Root hairs - answer-tiny hair-like extensions that increase the surface area of the root
allowing it to absorbs more water and nurtients
Mycorrhizal associations - answer-symbiotic interactions with soil fungi that increase a
plant's ability to absorb minerals
Stem - answer-a vascular plant organ consisting of an alternating system of nodes and
internodes that support the leaves and reproductive structures.
Nodes - answer-the points at which leaves are attached
Internode - answer-a segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are
attached.
Apical bud - answer-located near the shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot
Axillary bud - answer-a structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch.
The bud appears in the angle formed between a leaf and a stem.
Tropism - answer-a growth response that results in the curvature of whole plant organs
toward or away from stimuli owing to differential rates of cell elongation.
Root cap - answer-a cone of cells at the tip of a plant root that protects the apical
meristem.
Stele - answer-the vascular tissue of a stem or root.
Biotic - answer-describes living factors in the environment.
Cation exchange - answer-a process in which positively charged minerals are made
available to a plant when hydrogen ions in the soil displace mineral ions from the clay
particles.
Sustainable agriculture - answer-long-term productive farming methods that are
environmentally safe.
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