What are colloids? - Very small particles suspended in water which are resistant to settling.
What is turbidity measured in? - Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU)
What is the turbidity measurement that is visible to the naked eye? - 5 NTU
What is an important indicator of treatment efficie...
OIT Exam Questions and Answers
What are colloids? - Very small particles suspended in water which are resistant to
settling.
What is turbidity measured in? - Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU)
What is the turbidity measurement that is visible to the naked eye? - 5 NTU
What is an important indicator of treatment efficiency and particularly the
efficiency of filters and disinfection processes? - Turbidity
Why are particles that cause turbidity harmful? - They can hide or entrap harmful
organisms so that the disinfectant is unable to reach them. It calls increases CL
demand which can be carcinogenic
What are the 2 types of sampling? - Grab samples and composite samples
What are grab samples and when is it used? - A single sample taken at one place
and time. Used when water quality and quantity are not variable
What is a composite sample and when is it used? - A series of samples taken over a
period of time which are combined to form a single sample. Necessary if water
quality changes greatly over time.
What is voltage? - Electrical potential or potential difference between two points.
Indicated the strength of the "push" on current
,What is current and what are its units? - Flow off electric charge. Measured in
amperes
What is the typical rate of change (Hz) or alternating current? - 60 cycles per
second
What happens when wires or appliances carry more than their rated capacity of
current? - May overheat and cause fires. Circuit breakers stop this
What is the equation for voltage? - V=IR
What is Power (P), what is is measured in and what is the formula? - The rate at
which work is done or energy is produced.
Measured in Watts
P=VI
What is the symbol for flow and what is the formula for it? - Flow (Q)
Q= AV
What can flow provide info on? - Dentention time in tanks, flow between various
processes or sections, chemical feed rates, etc.
What are the types of flow measurement determined by? - Whether water is
flowing in a closed pipe of an open channel
What is used to measure flow in an open channel? - Weirs or flumes. Flow is
determined by the height of water at a particular point
, What is a flume? - A specially shaped constriction in the channel
What is a weir? - A dam or obstruction in the channel
What are venturi meters, ultrasonic meters, magnetic meters, doppler meters and
orifice meters used for? - Measuring flow in closed pipes.
What is static pressure? - The force exerted when water is at rest and not flowing
What is the pressure exerted by flowing water known as? - Dynamic pressure
What is the force exerted when water is at rest and not flowing? - Static pressure
What is the rise of water in a tube known as? - The head
What is the pressure loss due to friction as water flows through a pipe/filter etc? -
Headloss
What is headloss? - the pressure loss due to friction as water flows through a
pipe/filter etc
What can decrease head loss? - Larger diameter and smoother interior surface
How can you make up for head loss? - Energy inputs (pumping)
When does water hammer occur? - When a moving fluid suddenly stops, can
destroy piping and appurtenances
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