AAMC FL 5 Explanations 172 Terms with Complete
Answers.
Nano conversion - Correct Answer 10^-9 nm = 1 meter
Milligram conversion - Correct Answer 10^-3 mg = 1 g
Bose Einstein principle - Correct Answer a collection of atoms cooled close to absolute
zero will coalesce into a single quantum state.
Heisenberg uncertainty principle - Correct Answer one cannot know the momentum and
position of an object with absolute certainty
Le hotelier’s principle - Correct Answer stress = relieve stress
Le Chatelier's Principle: Temperature - Correct Answer Decrease the temperature:
favour exothermic reaction to increase the temp
I
ncrease the temperature: favour endothermic reaction to decrease the temp
Le Chatelier's Principle: Pressure - Correct Answer Increase the pressure: favour side
with fewer moles (total big no.s) to decrease it
Decrease the pressure: favour side with more moles to increase it
if you have a bunch of organic moleucles, what would make it more water soluble? -
Correct Answer adding a electronegative atom !
remember: more c-H = non polar or dec polarity
Kcat - Correct Answer turnover number (molecules catalyzed per second in optimal
conditions)
Vmax / [E]
km - Correct Answer substrate [ ] at 1/2 vmax
In μM•s-1 and μM, what should the approximate values of kcat/KM and Ki be,
respectively, when [I] = 180 μM?
A.33.5 and 15.7
B.75 and 30.1
C.150 and 60.3
D.300 and 120.6 - Correct Answer in the passage: Ki = the inhibitor [ ], a pattern i
noticed was tha km and kcat dec by 2. so i tried dividing but Ki stayed the same. so
easy way of doing this is saying at whatever uM compound 1 [ ] , you know that there is
,a 20 increase and Ki will probably be the same. so the answer is C, the only choice with
60.3 as the Ki
Na+-NQR Complex - Correct Answer quinone oxidoreductase: transmembrane protein
that catalyzes the reaction between NADH and ubiquinone coupled to the pumping of
Na+ across the plasma membrane = results in Na+ [ ]
Quinones - Correct Answer -phenols treated with oxidizing agents
-Named by indicating the position of the carbonyls numerically & adding quinone to the
name of parent phenol
-Serve as electron acceptors in e- transport chain
-hydrophobic
-lipid soluble molecules
What functional group transformation occurs in the product of the reaction catalyzed by
Na+-NQR?
A.RC(=O)R → RCH(OH)R
B.ROPO32- → ROH + Pi
C.RC(=O)NHR'→ RCOOH + R'NH2
D.RC(=O)OR'→ RCOOH + R'OH - Correct Answer as mentioned in the passage, Na+-
NQR is a oxidoreductase which means that it REDUCES (almost missed this detail). so
what does a reduction do, it adds an H! look for an answer choice with an addition of H
A. yes, ketone is reduced to an alchol
B. no, phosphatase reaction (removal of phosphate)
C. no, protease or amidsase (removal NH2)
D. no, esterase (breakdown of ester)
protip: do not freak out with reactions. sped through this question but truly sitting back
and reanalyzing, the options are not as wacky as i initially thought breathe lmaoooo and
see what they are doing. all are breaking down molecule, key is to find out how/why it
relates to the passage
Adenine - Correct Answer
flavin - Correct Answer
Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) - Correct Answer
histidine - Correct Answer
FAD and FMN - Correct Answer
, FADH2 or FMNH2 - Correct Answer
riboflavin - Correct Answer
cytosine - Correct Answer
Thymine - Correct Answer
guanine - Correct Answer
What is the ratio of cation to enzyme in the spectroelectrochemical experiments
described in the passage?
A.1:2
B.2:1
C.20:1
D.200:1 - Correct Answer thought process: yo i was stumped on this one. but it is okay,
it is a lot simpler than i thought! so in the passage, highlight all the #'s because if they
give it to you, they will probably ask you about it which i did highlight! so .75 mM
in .150M LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, or NH4Cl --> key to use since we are finding cation to
enzyme and this is giving you .75 mM of Na+-NQR (oxidoreductase) in cations
Math:
bruhhh this was so much easier than i thought. essentially, it is asking for cation to
enzyme so its basically the values given , 150 mM (.150 M to mM via
KHDwdcmmn) : .75 mM so 200 to 1, round!
Answer: D
The reaction between NADH and ubiquinone is exergonic, but the reaction, when
catalyzed by Na+-NQR, does not generate much heat in vivo. What factor accounts for
this difference?
The reaction catalyzed by Na+-NQR in vivo:
A. is more exothermic as a result of the lower activation energy.
B. occurs sequentially in several small steps.
C. maintains a large separation between the reacting centers.
D. is coupled to the movement of a charged particle against a concentration gradient. -
Correct Answer D !
thought process: initially was guessing but now as i look at it, movement of a paritcile
against [ ] gradient is not effecient so less exothermic
also think/thought about it in terms of ETC, this answer was the one answer that had to
do w/ ETC
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