PSYCH 311 Final Exam | Questions and Answers One implication of Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory is that to understand development, one must: Consider the individual and the different levels of sociocultural contexts with which he or she interacts. Development includes: Growth and decline....
One implication of Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory is that to understand
development, one must:
Consider the individual and the different levels of sociocultural contexts with which he or
she interacts.
Development includes:
Growth and decline.
Name one advantage and one disadvantage of using surveys as a way to collect data.
Surveys can be used to study a wide range of topics and can collect data from a large
number of people. Surveys can be conducted in person, over the telephone, or on the
Internet. A disadvantage to survey research is that people sometimes respond in ways
that they think is socially acceptable rather than to say what they honestly think and
believe.
A way of measuring age that is defined as the number of years that have elapsed since
birth.
chronological age
The developmental issue (controversy) over whether development is influenced by
biology or environment.
nature-nurture issue
The developmental issue (controversy) over the degree to which early traits and
characteristics persist throughout life or change.
stability-change issue
The macrosystem is defined as the culture in which an individual lives. Which of the
following would NOT be included in one's culture?
eye color
Professor Weinstein teaches his life-span psychology students that each stage of
development from birth to old age involves significant changes. Professor Weinstein is
taking a(n): __________ approach.
life-span
According to Jean Piaget, this stage is marked by the development of logical, organized
reasoning skills.
formal operational
,A person's position within society based on occupational, educational, and economic
characteristics.
socioeconomic status
Lynn Hasher and her colleagues (2001) found that age-related memory differences
declined when __________ was taken into consideration.
time of day
A researcher is interested in the effect of exercise on stamina in elderly patients. The
patients are randomly assigned to be in a high-exercise or low-exercise training
program for 8 weeks. At the end of the program, their stamina is measured by seeing
how long they can walk comfortably on a treadmill. In this study, the dependent variable
is:
number of minutes on the treadmill
Thomas Hess and his colleagues (2003) found that age-related memory differences
declined when __________ was taken into consideration.
relevance of material
The concept of continuity is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
qualitative change.
Turner syndrome occurs in approximately ________ live births.
1 in 2,500
Robert Plomin argues that nonshared environmental influences produce different
personalities among siblings. Which of the following would be considered a nonshared
environmental influence?
peer groups
This is a prenatal medical procedure where high-frequency sound waves are directed
into the women's abdomen.
ultrasound sonography
Shakena is a 38-year-old single woman who works as a pharmaceutical representative.
Although she would like to be married, there is no special person in her life right now.
She would like to adopt a child. Recent changes in adoption regulations would mean
that:
she would be considered as a candidate for adopting a child.
For eyes, brown color is dominant and blue color is recessive. Maria carries two genes
for brown eyes, and John carries two genes for blue eyes. Their child will have a:
100% chance of having brown eyes.
Don and Ellie are trying to conceive a baby. How long should they wait before they
suspect infertility?
, 12 months
As the benefits of evolution decrease, the need for culture increases. Which of the
following is NOT a culture-based resource for older adults?
social support, medical technology, cognitive training and support
By definition, evolutionary psychology emphasizes the importance of:
adaptive behavior.
Evolution takes place:
over many generations.
A recessive gene can only assert itself when:
both genes in a pair are recessive.
A psychological perspective that emphasizes the importance of adaptation,
reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior.
evolutionary psychology
All of a person's genetic makeup.
Genotype
A prenatal test designed to assess whether a fetus is developing normally. With this
procedure, high-frequency sound waves are directed into the women's abdomen. The
echo from the sounds is transformed into a visual representation of the fetus's inner
structures.
ultrasound or ultrasound sonography
While Sally's mother was pregnant with her, she smoked and drank alcohol which
adversely effected Sally's lung development. After Sally was born, she was placed into
an environment with two parents who smoked. As Sally continued to develop, she was
diagnosed with asthma, a breathing disorder. The development of this disorder could be
explained by the concept of:
the epigenetic view.
Sandra excels in reading and spelling but struggles with mathematics. She is shorter
than her peers and was born without ovaries. Sandra most likely has:
Turner syndrome.
Don and Ellie are trying to conceive a baby. How long should they wait before they
suspect infertility?
12 months
Maternal contraction of rubella (German measles) can lead to all of the following
EXCEPT:
autism.
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