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MIP 300 Final Exam Prep test with Questions and Verified Answers
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MIP 300 Final Exam Prep test withQuestions and Verified Answers
Virus - ✔✔A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a
living cell.
Viral Characteristics - ✔✔viruses are inert unless they are inside a living cell, viruses
are acellular composed only of nucleic acid and protein shell. They also produce
progeny virion inside a living host cell, possess genetic material that is passed from one
'generation' to another, they are also infectious agents
Bacteriophage replication steps - ✔✔1. attachment of phage to host cell
2. penetration of the bacterial cell wall
3. Synthesis of phage nucleic acids and proteins
4. assembly of the phage particles
5. release of the phage particles
animal virus replication - ✔✔1. attachment of the virus to the host cell
2. entry or uptake of the virus into the host cell
3. removal of the protein coat surrounding the virus
4. synthesis of viral nucleic acids and proteins
5. assembly of viral protein and nucleic to form progeny virions
6. release of the virions from the host cell
, attachment - ✔✔the virus attaches to the host cell by means of a very specific
receptor site. For this reason, viruses will infect only certain hosts, and often
only certain cells in the particular host.
Bacteriophage - ✔✔viruses that only infect bacterial cells
entry - ✔✔bacteriophages essentially 'inject' their genetic material through the
bacterial cell wall, while many animal viruses enter through endocytosis. Animal cells
degrade foreign agents in an acidic lysosome. Sometimes the virus 'tricks' the cell by
attaching to the receptor site for some compound utilized by the cell so the cell will
not degrade it thinking it is a useful compound.
Uncoating - ✔✔Endocytosis into a lysosome does not harm the virus. It only strips
away the protein coat, allowing the viral nucleic acid to enter the cell and take over
the cell machinery.
Synthesis of Viral Nucleic Acids and Proteins - ✔✔Virus uses the cell to make
viral proteins and nucleic acid. How depends on what type of DNA/RNA the virus
has
Assembly - ✔✔(viral morphogenesis) the encapsulation of the viral nucleic acid
inside the protein capsid. This results in the formation of new, whole virions
release - ✔✔viruses may either lyse the host cell or they can bud out (depending
on envelope). The progeny virions attach to neighboring healthy cells and infect them
viral cultivation - ✔✔requires the use of living cells in which virus can replicate.
When enough bacterial cells have been infected and lysed, discrete holes or plaques can
be seen in the lawn of bacterial cells. Each plaque is considered to be the result of one
phage or PFU
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