HUBS 191 FINAL EXAM Questions and Answers 100% Pass
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Course
HUBS 191
Institution
HUBS 191
HUBS 191 FINAL EXAM Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Name the four basic types of tissue - Connective tissue, epithelial
tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
Why do the four types of tissues have different structures and function? -
They are made up of different kinds of cells. They have d...
Main role of connective tissue - ✔✔- Transport substances
,- Provide support and structure
Features of epithelial tissue - ✔✔- Tightly packed cells
- Little extracellular matrix
- Forms skin and lines internal cavities
- Many glands are made of epithelial tissue
Features of muscle tissue - ✔✔- Cells are stretched or fibre-like
- Main role is contraction
- Allows body and its organs to move
- Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle.
Nervous Tissue - ✔✔- Made up of neurons (conduct messages) and glia
(support and protect nervous system)
- Main role is to transmit electrical signals allowing for communication and
coordination.
Cells only survive if the following conditions are meet - ✔✔- Enough
nutrients
- Correct temprature
- Correct pH
- Can only tolerate smal amounts of toxic substance and waste.
,This is why maintaining a constant internal environment (homeostasis) is
so important, along with exchange of nutrients and wast across the cell
membrane.
Total body fluid numbers to memorise - ✔✔2/3 of total body fluid is
intracellular fluid (ICF)
1/3 of total body fluid is extracellular fluid (ECF)
4/5 or 80% of extracellular fluid is interstitial fluid (between cells).
1/5 or 20% of extracellular fluid is plasma (50% of total blood volume).
What are transcellular fluids? - ✔✔ECF also includes various 'transcellular
fluids' contained within epithelial lined spaces e.g. synovial fluid in joints,
ocular fluid in the eye, cerebrospinal fluid
What does a unicellular organism depend on its immediate environment to
provide? - ✔✔Nutrients
Solute concentration
Temperature
pH
Toxins (including own wastes)
Lack of Predators
, This limits the environment a unicellular organism is able to survive.
What is 'milieu interieur' - ✔✔Claude Bernard (1813 - 1878) recognised the
importance of the body's internal environment or extracellular fluid. The
constancy of the internal environment is the condition for a free and
independent life.
How did Walter Bradford Cannon (1871-1945) define homeostasis? -
✔✔The maintenance of relatively constant conditions in the internal
environment (ECF) in the face of external (or internal) change.
1. In our bodies there are mechanisms that act to maintain constancy.
2. Any tendency toward change automatically meets with factors that resist
change.
3. There are co-operating mechanisms which act simultaneously or
successively to maintain homeostasis
4. Homeostasis does not occur by chance, but is the result of organised
self-government.
Normal concentration of sodium (Na+) in the ECF and why it needs to be
controlled. - ✔✔Normal concentration in ECF is about 135 - 145 mmol/L.
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