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PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AN ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 4th EDITION BY KAREN G. DUDERSTADT
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AN ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 4th EDITION BY KAREN G. DUDERSTADT
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TEST BANK FOR PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ANILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 4RD EDITION BY KAREN G.
DUDERSTADT /COMPLETE GUIDE
,Pediatric Physical Examination 4th Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A Registered caregiver is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children.
Which statement best describes development in infants and children?
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within
normal limits.
b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development
occurring first.
d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth.
RIGHT SELECTION:- A
RATIONALE :->> Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases
in the childs function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and
complexity can vary normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size
of cells is a definition for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine
muscle organization occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more
complex process that is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately
measured. Growth is a predictable process with standard measurement methods.
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify
any delays or deficits.
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
,RIGHT SELECTION:- C
RATIONALE :->> Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master
specific developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular
periods of time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of
development that requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress.
Infants in a nurturing environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need
stimulation specific to their developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly
and proceed in a predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
RIGHT SELECTION:- C
RATIONALE :->> Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and
developmental rate. Although factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can
influence genetic traits, they do not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is
permanent. Culture is a significant factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood.
Culture influences both growth and development but does not eliminate inborn genetic
influences. Environment has a significant role in determining growth and development both
before and after birth. The environment can influence how and to which extent genetic traits are
manifested, but environmental factors cannot eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is
critical for growth and plays a significant role throughout childhood.
4. A Registered caregiver is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian
theory, the period of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from
fantasy is the period of cognitive development.
a. sensorimotor
, b. formal operations
c. concrete operations
d. preoperational
RIGHT SELECTION:- C
RATIONALE :->> Concrete operations is the period of cognitive development in which
childrens thinking is shifted from egocentric to being able to see anothers point of view. They
develop the ability to distinguish fact from fantasy. The sensorimotor stage occurs in infancy
and is a period of reflexive behavior. During this period, the infants world becomes more
permanent and organized. The stage ends with the infant demonstrating some evidence of
reasoning. Formal operations is a period in development in which new ideas are created through
previous thoughts. Analytic reason and abstract thought emerge in this period. The
preoperational stage is a period of egocentrism in which the childs judgments are illogical and
dominated by magical thinking and animism.
5. The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts that
need resolution is:
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
RIGHT SELECTION:- A
RATIONALE :->> Erik Erikson viewed development as a series of conflicts affected by social
and cultural factors. Each conflict must be resolved for the child to progress emotionally, with
unsuccessful resolution leaving the child emotionally disabled. Sigmund Freud proposed a
psychosexual theory of development in which certain parts of the body assume psychological
significance as foci of sexual energy. The foci shift as the individual moves through the
different stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital) of development. Lawrence Kohlberg
described moral development as having three levels (preconventional, conventional, and
postconventional). His
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