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PSC 041 FINAL EXAM UC DAVIS 2024 WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
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PSC 041 FINAL EXAM UC DAVIS 2024 WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
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PSC 041 FINAL EXAM UC DAVIS 2024WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
,PSC 041 FINAL EXAM UC DAVIS 2024
WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
Strength - correct answersThe numerical value of a correlation coefficient (not the sign), which indicates
how closely two variables are related to one another. The closer the value is to 1.00, the higher the
strength.
Type I error - correct answersRejecting the null hypothesis when it is true; also known as a false positive.
Type II error - correct answersFailing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false; also known as a false
negative.
Variance - correct answersA number that represents the mean squared deviation score.
Alternative explanation - correct answersAn explanation for a result that is not accounted for in a study.
Applied research - correct answersResearch designed to help solve practical problems in a given field.
Association (correlation; relationship) - correct answersA covariance between or among variables such
that a change in one variable coincides with or predicts a change in another variable.
Associative relationship - correct answersThe type of relationship between variables in which the
predictor variable is used to estimate or forecast (i.e., predict) the outcome variable.
Basic research - correct answersResearch designed to contribute to the body of knowledge about a
topic. Basic research may or may not have an obvious application.
Causation - correct answersA subcategory of association. In causation, one variable directly affects the
other such that changes in one variable lead to or bring about (i.e., cause) changes in the other variable.
,Claim - correct answersA statement, assertion, or conclusion arrived at after careful examination of a
research question; it generalizes the results of a study to the larger population and other situations.
Conceptual replication (systematic replication) - correct answersA study in which the same hypothesis as
the original study is tested using different methods.
Dependent variable - correct answersThe variable in a causal relationship that is hypothesized to be
influenced by the independent variable.
Direct replication (exact replication; literal replication) - correct answersRepeating a study by following
the same procedures with a different group of study participants.
Falsifiable - correct answersCapable of being proven wrong or incorrect.
Hypothesis - correct answersAn expected outcome of the research study; it predicts the answer to the
research question.
Independent variable - correct answersThe variable in a causal relationship that is hypothesized to
influence the dependent variable; sometimes called the treatment variable. In experimental research,
the independent variable is manipulated.
Outcome variable - correct answersThe variable that expresses the result of an association.
Predictor variable - correct answersThe variable in an association that is used to estimate or forecast a
result or outcome.
Replication - correct answersRepeating a study that has already been completed.
Replication with extension - correct answersReplicating the original study and extending the findings by
adding new variables to answer additional questions.
, Research question - correct answersA testable question about one or more specific variables, asking
about what is true now or what will happen in the future. A good research question clearly indicates the
type of relationship and variables of interest, is specific enough for a single study, can be translated into
a testable hypothesis, and is worth answering.
Results - correct answersA summary of findings or outcomes from collecting and analyzing data in a
research study.
Value - correct answersA measure of a variable, such as the number, amount, or degree of that variable.
Variable - correct answersA condition or characteristic that is subject to change (i.e., capable of taking
on different levels, categories, or values).
Animal Welfare Act of 1966 - correct answersRegulates all nonhuman animal care in the United States.
APA Ethics Code - correct answersProvides 5 general principles and 10 standards to guide the roles and
work of psychology with the goal of upholding human and animal rights.
APA Ethical Principles - correct answersGeneral principles that serve as big picture goals to guide ethical
conduct for psychologists. The APA Ethical Principles include: beneficence and nonmaleficence, fidelity
and responsibility, integrity, justice, and respect for people's rights and dignity.
APA Ethical Standards - correct answersTen specific guidelines that must be followed to ensure ethical
conduct for psychologists. Standards important to research include those that: ensure privacy and
confidentiality, participant's right to withdraw, informed consent, deception and debriefing, institutional
review boards, and protection for nonhuman animals.
Belmont Report - correct answersContains ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human
subjects of research. Consists of three core principles: respect for persons, beneficence, justice.
Beneficence - correct answersPart of the Belmont Report that mandates researchers to minimize harm
and maximize benefits for research participants.
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