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NCE Study Guide (Rosenthal) Questions &
100% Correct Answers
Erik Erikson
✓ ~~> Field: neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of
development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span.
Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting
"Who am I?" Came up with Identity Crisis
Carl Jung
✓ ~~> Field: neo-Freudian, analytic psychology; Contributions: people
had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective
unconscious; libido is all types of energy, not just sexual; Studies: dream
studies/interpretation - AniMA/AniMUS, Shadow=Id, Persona=Mask,
Move client toward Selfhood (Similar to Self-Actualization). (Memory
Hint: JA)
Sigmund Freud
✓ ~~> Field: psychoanalytic, personality; Contributions:
id/ego/superego, reality and pleasure principles, ego ideal, defense
mechanisms (expanded by Anna Freud), psychoanalysis, transference
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Freud's Psychosexual Stages
✓ ~~> Oral stage (0-2;Breast) , Anal stage(2-4; Toilet), Phallic stage(4-
6;Oedipus), Latency stage (6-12;Defense Mechanisms), Genital stage
(12+;Sexual Maturity) (Memory Hint: O APL G!)
Oedipus Complex
✓ ~~> Feelings of rivalry with the parent of the same sex and sexual
desire for the parent of the other sex, occurring during the phallic stage
and ultimately resolved through identification with the parent of the
same sex.
Ego Ideal
✓ ~~> Part of the superego that consists of what one would like to be;
The superego compares the ego's actions and will reward or punish the
ego accordingly; An overly rewarding or punishing superego can be
detrimental
Abraham Maslow
✓ ~~> Field: humanism; Contributions: hierarchy of needs-needs at a
lower level (safety and psych) dominate an individual's motivation as
long as they are unsatisfied, self-actualization, transcendence
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John Bowlby
✓ ~~> British psychologist- said that in order to lead a normal social life
the child must bond to an adult before age 3. Saw bonding and
attachment as having survival value (adaptive significance). If bond is
severed at an early age, it is called object loss, which is a breeding
ground for abnormal behavior. Said mothers should be primary
caretakers and fathers role is to support mother emotionally rather than
nurturing the child himself. Believes in Birth Order. (Memory Hint: Bowlby,
Bonding, Birth Order)
Jean Piaget
✓ ~~> Field: cognition; Contributions: created a 4-stage theory of
cognitive development, said that two basic processes work in tandem
to achieve cognitive growth (assimilation and accommodation)
Piaget's Stages
✓ ~~> Sensorimotor (0-2), preoperational (2-6), concrete operations(6-
11, conservation), formal operations(11-15, Abstract thinking)
William Perry
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✓ ~~> He is known for his work in adult cognitive development,
specifically with college students. He worked a lot with the concept of
"dualistic thinking" among college students, where everything is either
black or white. (Memory technique: think of Katy Perry's song Hot and
Cold to associate Perry with dualism.)
Lawrence Kohlberg
✓ ~~> Field: cognition, moral development; Contributions: created a
theory of moral development that has 3 levels; focuses on moral
reasoning rather than overt behavior. Famous Heinz study (Would you
steal meds for mom?)
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
✓ ~~> pre-conventional (follow rules to avoid punishment, satisfy
personal needs), conventional (Works towards the good of society,
Law and Order), post conventional (Rules are relative, Self-chosen
priniciples)
Daniel Levinson
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
