NSG 510 Exam 5 Questions With Correct Answers. Explain the steps in mitosis - answer- replication - chromosomes line up on spindle - separation of replicated chromosomes - cell division - results in 2 diploid cells explain the steps in meiosis - answer- replication - pairing and crossing over of ho...
NSG 510 EXAM Prep
- ANS-describe the chain reaction of ischemia on ATP and membrane pumps
- ANS-hypernatremia
-
-injuries that occur when blood that was prevously not flowing begins to reflow in an area.
-that blood has a build of of calcium and when it flows it can overwhelm the cell and causes it to
- create free radicals,
-damage the cell - ANS-reperfusion injuries
- a base
22-26mEq/L
too much makes person basic
too little makes person acid - ANS-Bicarbonate
- acute onset anemia Can be caused by hemorrhage and loss of blood
shortness of breath
fatigue
hypovolumis because they loos blood volume and they become tacky cardiac and increased
their heart rate
gradual onset anemia can be due to nutritional deficiencies and may or may not be symptomatic
depending on how the persons body adjusted to its condition - ANS-Acute onset of anemia or
relative anemia vs gradual onset anemia or absolute anemia
- bacteria can directly injurious the cell or through an immune response
-sometimes we kill good bacteria when we fight bacteria - ANS-infection and immunological
injury
- causes by hemorrhage or cycle cell anemia,
-as a response the bone marrow increases the number of reticularcytes and causes
reticulocytosis which is a lot of reticularcytes. - ANS-Removal aneima
- cells undergo dyapedisis to slip through the blood vessel and go to the cite of bacteria -
ANS-emigration of luekocyts
- cells. are nomocytic, normochomic, but are sickled
,-there is reticulocytosis so that the blood can create more blood cells since the sickled cells cant
- ANS-Sickle cell anemia classification
- few
reticulopenia- a little reticular cytes
luekopenia- decreased White blood cells - ANS-penia
- focus should be on levels of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate pressure in the artery. -
ANS-metabolic vs. respiroty disturbances in PH level
- if the kidneys fail then phosphorus will not be filteredout and will build up in the blood -
ANS-what happens to calcium and phosphorus during renal failure?
- is found in two major places including the blood where it is ionized meaning free and active.
-calcium is also found bound to protein meaning it is inactivce
- calcium increases or decreases action potential
calcium is inversely related to phosphorus - ANS-calcium
- is the measure of red blood cell volume
-it is measured in femtoliters
-the Red blood cell could be microcytic (small volume), macrocytic (large volume) and
normocyctic
red blood cells with a small volume or microcytic, will have trouble carrying oxygen and the
person will be fatigued - ANS-mean corpuscular volume- M.C.V
- measures the color of RBC and tells us if it is richly red or pale
- the scale can be hyperchomic, hypochomic and normochomic - ANS-mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration -M.C.H.C
- more concentrated than the blood, water will move into vascular hormone
- will move water out of the cells and cells will shrink - ANS-adding 3% Na+Cl IV to the blood
- the concentration goes down and water wants to leave the compartment and this the cells will
swell - ANS-Removing sodium from vasular compartment
- The MCV is microcytic because the cell is adjusting to the decreased volume of the blood
, -its MCHC is also less red because hemoglobin cant attached to the small blood call - ANS-IDA
anemia red blood cells are classified as
- the vascular compartment hydrostatic pressure is 25mmHg and the interstitial compartment
hydrostatic pressue is negative 3mmHg - ANS-Vascular compartment pressure to interstitial
compartment
- used to transport large molecules across the plasma membrane - ANS-Endocytosis and
exocytosis
--appears white, soft, fragile
-typically occurs in lung tissue damaged by tuberculosis
-the area of lung tissue caseous necrosis is soft and white looking just like clumpy cheese -
ANS-caseous
-70 mV (milivolts) - ANS-When a cell is at rests it is at
-a pathological process of cell death due to lack of oxygen or injury
-ATP dependent pumps stop working such as the sodium potassium pump
-If the sodiu potassium pump fails then the calcium pump stops working
-calcium overwhlems the cell - ANS-Necrosis
-also called anapylactic reations such as asthma, hives, food, and eczema
- would increase the basophil count - ANS-Type 1 allergic reactions
-always added to the intravasular compartment
Na+CL standard IV
.45
.9
3% - ANS-Iv Fluids
-autosomal recessive disease
-as the cells travel throughout the blood streme the oxygen concentration decreases and the
cells sickle
-now that the cells are sickled they get stuck and occlude arteries then the cell membrane
becomes damages and can spill out the contents of the RBC
-when the RBC bursts and die, biliruben can leak causing jaundice - ANS-sickle cell anemia
-bicarbonate is a metabolic base regulated by the kidneys
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