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EMT BASIC PRACTICE EXAM AIRWAY/RESPIRATION/VENTILATION
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EMT BASIC PRACTICE EXAM AIRWAY/RESPIRATION/VENTILATION
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EMT BASIC PRACTICE EXAMAIRWAY/RESPIRATION/VENTILATION
Upon insertion of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA), the tip of the device should be
positioned in what anatomical space?
a. Oropharynx
b. Nasopharynx
c. Hyperpharynx
d. Laryngopharynx - Answers -Answer: D
The OPA works by lifting the base of the tongue off the posterior pharynx. With proper
insertion, the tip should rest in the laryngopharynx so it can fully support the tongue.
The administration of a beta2-specific drug to a patient with respiratory distress is done
to effect a change to what portion of the respiratory tree?
a. Alveoli
b. Vocal cords
c. Bronchioles
d. Mainstem bronchi - Answers -Answer: C
A beta2-specific drug will relax smooth muscle, the kind that wraps the bronchioles of
the lungs. This relaxation will allow better airflow to the alveoli for gas exchange.
The upper airway sound described as "gurgling" is secondary to fluid accumulation in
the pharynx that has air passing through it while the patient breathes (think about
blowing air through a straw in water). The only intervention listed that will remove the
fluid from the airway is suctioning. The other interventions are appropriate if the
TONGUE is blocking the airway (commonly this causes snoring sounds with each
breath)
You are managing a female patient who has been in an auto accident and is now
unresponsive. As you manage her airway, which of the following interventions would
you likely NOT employ?
a. Insertion of an OPA
b. Upper airway suctioning
c. A modified jaw-thrust maneuver
d. Application of a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver - Answers -Answer: D
A patient who has potential c-spine trauma, such as this patient who was in an auto
accident, should not have c-spine manipulation due to the possibility of spinal trauma.
The insertion of an OPA, airway suctioning, and a jaw-thrust maneuver are all airway
interventions that can be applied without cervical manipulation.
When sizing an OPA for insertion in a forty-eight-year-old male, which sizing technique
is most appropriate?
a. You should measure the OPA from the tip of the nose to the angle of the jaw
, b. You should measure the OPA from the center of the teeth to the angle of the jaw
c. The OPA should fit between the corner of the mouth and the angle of the jaw
d. The OPA should be large enough that the lips do not seal shut when it is properly
inserted - Answers -Answer: B
There are two measuring techniques for the OPA; either is appropriate. The first is to
measure the OPA from the center of the mouth (center of the teeth) to the angle of the
jaw. The other is to measure from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe on the same
side of the face. While the length is measured there is no measuring technique for the
size as it relates to the mouth opening.
During your initial airway management, your patient needs suctioning for prolonged
vomiting. How long should you provide this oral suctioning?
a. For 5 to 10 seconds
b. No greater than 10 seconds
c. Less than 25 seconds initially
d. For as long as needed to remove the vomitus - Answers -Answer: D
During airway management, the guideline is to suction for no longer than ten seconds;
however, in a patient who has prolonged vomiting as this patient did, the suctioning
should proceed until the vomit has been removed. Failure to do so will allow the patient
to aspirate the vomit with detrimental effects. Generally speaking, when doing routine
suctioning of small fluid amounts, the patient should be pre oxygenated pre- and post
suctioning, with suctioning lasting only about 10 seconds.
The mechanical process of respiration (i.e. ventilation) occurs in two phases. Which
phase sees a negative pressure inside the thorax to make the ventilation process work?
a. Inhalation
b. Exhalation
c. Pause before inhalation
d. Pause before exhalation - Answers -Answer: A
Ventilation occurs due to a changing in pressure within the thorax as compared to
atmospheric pressures. During inhalation, the diaphragm drops and the ribcage flares
up and out, creating a larger intrathroacic cavity, which causes the development of a
negative pressure (Boyle's Law). The negative pressure then causes air to flow from
outside the body (higher pressure) to inside the lungs (lower pressure) to equalize.
During exhalation, there is a positive pressure in the thorax, forcing air out. Pauses that
occur before a phase of ventilation are non-material to the process or to pressure
changes
A patient with severe asthma is having trouble breathing and adequately ventilating.
What portion of normal tidal volume is this patient most likely experiencing the greatest
disturbance in?
a. Base respiratory rate
b. Dead space ventilation
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