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BIOD 210 FINAL EXAM – QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
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BIOD 210 FINAL EXAM – QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
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BIOD 210 FINAL EXAM – QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERSMatch each description to the correct group of microorganisms. Right Ans -
Single-celled prokaryotes - bacteria
Single or multi-cellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize to obtain energy -
algae
Multicellular eukaryotic organisms like parasitic worms - helminths
Minute acellular particles that parasitize cells - viruses
Molds and yeasts - fungi
Unicellular eukaryotes often described as animal-like - protozoa
Please label the image to assess your knowledge of prokaryotic cell structure.
Right Ans -
Please label the image to test your understanding of differences in gram-
positive and gram-negative cell structure. Right Ans - Picture on desktop
Please place the images in the correct order to assess your knowledge of the
sporulation cycle. Right Ans - picture on desktop
Novel prokaryotic organisms that belong to their own superkingdom
(domain). Right Ans - archea
Although they share many bacterial characteristics, members of the Domain
Archaea are more closely related to Domain _________ than to bacteria Right
Ans - eukarya
For example, both archaea and eukaryotes share unique ___________ RNA
sequences and their ribosomal subunit structures are similar as well. Right
Ans - ribosomal
Characteristics that define archaea, however, include the presence of unique
membrane _____, _____ construction and composition and _____ pathways.
Right Ans - lipids, cell wall, metabolic
,Such adaptations to their metabolic pathways allow archaea to live in extreme
environments, such as areas with high levels of salt (______) or high
temperatures (______). Right Ans - halophiles, thermophiles
Why was the penicillin that was prescribed during Mr. Jones's first doctor's
visit ineffective in treating the infection? Right Ans - The infectious agent
was resistant to the drug.
Why was the physician's knowledge of an artificial heart valve important to
the continued treatment of Mr. Jones? Right Ans - Artificial valves readily
support the growth of biofilms containing pathogenic bacteria.
What was the significance of the prior MRSA skin infection? Right Ans - Mr.
Jones needed to be treated for another drug-resistant infection with multiple
powerful antibiotics.
Microbial biofilms like the one seen here in Mr. Jones's case are the cause of
the majority of __________ infections Right Ans - chronic
What clues were the most important in arriving at the diagnosis of
endocarditis? Right Ans - Fever of unknown origin, Increased heart rate
and breathing, History of valve replacement, Heart murmur
What most likely killed Mr. Jones? Right Ans - stroke due to blockage by
loosened piece of biofilm
Which of the following surfaces have nutrients available that encourage the
development of biofilms? Right Ans - moist abiotic surfaces and biotic
surfaces such as plant and animal tissue
Which of the following structures leads to reversible binding of bacterial cells
to a surface? Right Ans - fimbriae and flagella
The production of which substance leads to thickening of the biofilm over
time? Right Ans - exopolymer
Microenvironments are created within the biofilm based on Right Ans -
oxygen gradient
, nutrient concentration
pH gradient
True or False: Biofilms are composed of a single bacterial species Right Ans
- false
Please label the figure to further assess your understanding of the process of
biofilm formation. Right Ans - picture on desktop
True or False: Bacteria are larger than human cells. Right Ans - false
True or False: Bacteria are only visible with an electron microscope Right
Ans - false
The term used to describe a cluster of spherical bacteria is __________. Right
Ans - staphylococci
What general type of stain is used to separate types of bacteria based on their
cellular structures? Right Ans - differential
Why must fresh cells be used when performing a Gram stain? Right Ans -
Old cells may not Gram stain properly.
After Gram's iodine is added, what color do the cells appear under a light
microscope? Right Ans - All cells appear purple
When ethanol is applied correctly, gram-positive cells appear __________ and
gram-negative cells appear __________. Right Ans - purple, colorless
True or False: The thinner peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive bacteria
allows the crystal-violet-iodine complex to leave the cell. Right Ans - false
The differential stage of the Gram stain is the application of __________. Right
Ans - ethanol
If the Gram's iodine step was skipped in this technique, what would likely be
seen under the microscope? Right Ans - Most cells would appear red/pink
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