What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
a. CO= PA- 1SVC
b. CO= AO x PA
c. CO= HR x SV
c. CO= HR x SV
In normal fetal circulation the path of oxygenated blood returning from the placenta passes though several fetal shunts. One of these normal fetal pathways between the aorta and P...
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
a. CO= PA- 1SVC
b. CO= AO x PA
c. CO= HR x SV
c. CO= HR x SV
Stoke Volume is ________?
a. Related to preload
b. Related to afterload
c. The same as ejection fraction
a. Related to preload
Preload is most impacted by:
a. Mean arterial pressure
b. Increased filling volumes
c. Ejection Fraction
b. Increased filling volumes
A patient with chronic untreated hypertension would demonstrate
a. increased afterload
b. decreased afterload
c. decreased preload
a. increased afterload
Vascular resistance/pressure is most influenced by
a. Blood Viscosity
b. BMI
c. Length of the vessel
d. Radius of the vessel
d. Radius of the vessel
,The formula for blood pressure is
a. BP = SV x SVR
b. BP = CO x SVR
c. BP = HR x SVR
b. BP = CO x SVR
In normal fetal circulation the path of oxygenated blood returning from the placenta passes though
several fetal shunts. One of these normal fetal pathways between the aorta and PA can be described
as a:
a- L>R shunt termed the PDA
b- R>L shunt termed the PDA
c- L>R shunt termed the foramen ovale
d- R>L shunt termed the foramen ovale
the PA-AO shunt is the PDA and its right to left. When the left heart pressure begins to exceed the right
heart pressure, that such a shunt would switch to left to right
What is the name of the coronary arteries which normally branch off the Cx artery towards the apex
of the heart?
a- diagonal branches
b- OM branches
c- acute marginal branches
d- posterior descending branches
The left sided AV groove artery is the Cx and its branches are termed OMs
The aortic dicrotic notch marks the beginning of ventricular:
a- systole
b- isometric relaxation
c- end diastolic pressure
d- slow filling phase
B. The systolic pulse is divided by a midsystolic dip indicating a sudden ejection followed by increased
resistance and then secondary release.
End-diastolic stretching of the ventricular muscle fibers is termed:
a- preload
b- afterload
c- inotropism
d- chronotropism
Preload refers to the filling of the ventricular chambers in diastole
,The greatest expenditure of O2 during the cardiac cycle is used to:
a- open the aortic valve (isometric contraction)
b- open the mitral valve (diastolic filling)
c- eject blood out of the LV and into the AO (SEP)
d- overcome friction of blood viscosity and muscle compliance
A. One of the chief benefits of IABP is to lower the pressure at which the aortic valve opens, which
decreases pressure work. This pressure work account for 90% of the work done by the LV
What component of a Pulmonary Capillary Wedge pressure indicates Mitral Insufficiency
a. A wave
b. C wave
c. P Wave
D. V wave
D. V wave
An elevated RVEDP is found in which pathology?
a. LV infarct
b. Aortic stenosis
c. RV infarct
d. Mitral Regurgitation
c. RV infarct
If the RA waveform is 2x the normal value, where would this be demonstrated in the physical
assessment?
a. Decreased exercise tolerance
b. decreased O2 sat
c. Increased O2 sat
d. JVD
d. JVD
What is the most common cause of pulmonic stenosis?
a. Aging
b. congenital
c. cardiomyopathy
d. mitral regurgitation
b. congenital
, The blue proximal port of the swan is located how far from the distal tip of the swan?
a. 15cm
b. 30cm
c. 45cm
d. 5cm
b. 30cm
When performing a thermodilution cardiac output, the operator injects 10cc of saline into the
________ and the temperature change is measured in the _____.
a. LA, AO
b. RV, PCWP
c. RA, PA
d. RA, LA
c. RA, PA
Equalization of the RVEDP and LVEDP are found in
a. tamponade
b. Restrictive pericarditis
c. acute MI
d. LV MI
b. Restrictive pericarditis
Signs of Right sided heart failure include
a. Decreased O2 Sat
b. SOB
c. JVD
d. Pulmonary embolism
c. JVD
Based on these oxygen saturations, what type of shunt is present?
SVC sat = 67% IVC sat = 71% RA Sat = 85%
RV Sat = 85% PA sat = 85% LA = 98% LV sat = 98%
AO sat = 98%
a. R to L ASD
b. L to R ASD
c. L to R VSD
d. It is all normal, there is no shunt
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