Exam (elaborations)
NBME CBSE EXAM 2024/2025 EITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
- Course
- Institution
NBME CBSE EXAM 2024/2025 EITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
[Show more]
Content preview
NBME CBSE EXAM 2024/2025 EITH 100%ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
Type II pneumocytes - Precise Answer ✔✔surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - Precise Answer ✔✔Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - Precise Answer ✔✔Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - Precise Answer ✔✔Amniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II
pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - Precise Answer ✔✔Squamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - Precise Answer ✔✔macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - Precise Answer ✔✔Lysine interchain crosslinks
,air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - Precise Answer ✔✔Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - Precise Answer ✔✔Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - Precise Answer ✔✔LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - Precise Answer ✔✔emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - Precise Answer ✔✔DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - Precise Answer ✔✔pulmonary = systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - Precise Answer ✔✔Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - Precise Answer ✔✔BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - Precise Answer ✔✔basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - Precise Answer ✔✔low pH, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
,CO2 transport to lungs - Precise Answer ✔✔*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - Precise Answer ✔✔carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - Precise Answer ✔✔lactic acidosis
How to treat cyanide poisoning - Precise Answer ✔✔*Amyl nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - Precise Answer ✔✔5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - Precise Answer ✔✔*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - Precise Answer ✔✔ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - Precise Answer ✔✔PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - Precise Answer ✔✔BP cuff - appear and disappear
, in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - Precise Answer ✔✔10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in - Precise Answer ✔✔Cardiac Tamponade
Kussmaul sign - Precise Answer ✔✔JVP rises *during inspiration*
Constrictive Pericardiditis
Restrictive/Interstitial Lung Disease:
A-a, FVC, FEV1, EFR - Precise Answer ✔✔Airway widening due to *radial traction* from fibrosis
*increase Aa*
decreased FVC & FEV1
*Increased EFR*
Sarcoidosis - Precise Answer ✔✔*Th1 *noncaseating granulmona
bilateral hilar adenopathy
increased *ACE*
increased IL2, IFNg
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages: vit D --> *HyperCa*
Hyper Ca causes - Precise Answer ✔✔stones, thrones, groans, psych overtones
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages - Precise Answer ✔✔PTH independent conversion of
Calcifediol to *calcitriol* (bioactive Vit D)
Vit D --> Hyper Ca
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller YANCHY. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $18.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79223 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now