the shape of the right bronchus increases _____ because _____ - Answer:
susceptibility of aspiration; it is a straight path downward into the right lung
,oxygen combines with ____ of _____ to form _____ - Answer: the heme portion;
hemoglobin; oxyhemoglobin
the most important function of hemoglobin: - Answer: combine with oxygen in
the lungs
AND
release oxygen to the peripheral tissues
hemoglobin collects _____ from _____ and carries it back to the lungs to be _____
- Answer: carbon dioxide; peripheral tissues; excreted
the volume of oxygen dissolved in plasma varies directly with... - Answer: the
partial pressure of oxygen in the arteries
as the partial pressure of oxygen increases... - Answer: so does the saturation of
oxygen bound to hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin %)
if the pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (Pao2) stays within 90-100 mmHg... -
Answer: hemoglobin remains maximally saturated with oxygen
AND
tissues remain oxygenated
,when Pao2 falls below 60 mmHg, _____ begins to ____ leading to _____ -
Answer: hemoglobin; drop oxygen molecules; tissue hypoxia
to ensure optimal tissue oxygenation, hemoglobin needs to be _____ with a
_____ of _____ - Answer: fully saturated; Pao2; at least 90 mmHg
erythropoietin - Answer: stimulates RBC production
erythropoietin is secreted by the _____ in response to _____ - Answer: kidneys;
low oxygen levels in the blood stream
what nerve controls the diaphragm - Answer: phrenic
the phrenic nerve originates at _____ and innervates at _____ - Answer: C4; the
diaphragm
a spinal cord injury at or above C4 causes _____ and _____ is needed - Answer:
respirations to stop; rescue breathing or mechanical support
ventilation - Answer: process of inspiration and expiration of air through the
pulmonary airways
, at high altitudes, there is _____ and _____ which causes ____ - Answer: low
atmospheric pressure; oxygen content; an increase in rate and depths of
respirations
perfusion eventually provides... - Answer: oxygen to every part of the body
perfusion - Answer: movement of blood through the pulmonary circulation
ventilation-perfusion ratio (V-Q ratio) - Answer: the ratio of air reaching alveoli to
the amount of blood reaching the alveoli
ideal V-Q ratio - Answer: when ventilation and perfusion are equal or match
shunt - Answer: an area with no ventilation
dead space - Answer: an area with no perfusion
shunt and dead space occur with... - Answer: ventilation-perfusion imbalances
(unequal V-Q ratio)
hypoxia stimulates _____ to _____ - Answer: pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction;
redistribute blood to better ventilated areas of the lung
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