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BIOS 255 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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BIOS 255 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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BIOS 255 FinalWhat makes up formed elements? - ANS erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
What makes up the plasma portion of blood? - ANS Plasma is 55% of volume
-Albumins- 54%Most abundant- osmotic pressure
-Globulins- 38%-immune
-Fibrinogens- 7%- clotting
What types of substances are transported by the blood? - ANS Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Hormones
Heat
Waste
Nutrients
How does the blood protect against excessive loss and infection? - ANS Immune Response
-macrophages
-globulins
Blood Clotting
-fibrinogen
-Hemostasis
Against Disease
-Antibodies
-Interferons
-Complement system
What is the longevity of lymphocytes, as compared to other blood cells? - ANS They can live
several months to years but most live for few days
What is hemopoiesis? - ANS Production of ALL blood cells
What does pluripotent mean? - ANS Ability of a stem cell to develop into many different cell
types
Describe the characteristics of hemoglobin - ANS -Protein carries oxygen to tissue and approx.
20% of carbon dioxide
-Each hemoglobin molecule can carry 4 heme(iron) so they bind to 4 oxygen molecules
-nitric acid can bind to them which triggers vasodilation, increase blood flow
What is vasodilation? - ANS dilation(widening) of blood vessels
, Describe the characteristics of red blood cells - ANS Transport O2 & CO2
-no nucleus
-no organelles
-Biconcave disc
-live for days to weeks
Discuss the relationship of hemoglobin to nitric oxide? - ANS nitric oxide can bind to the
hemoglobin molecule which triggers vasodilation. Increases blood flow, but decreases pressure
What is the importance of carbonic anhydrase? - ANS Present in RBC. Aids in conversion of
carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions --> reaches lungs to help convert
bicarbonate ions back to carbon dioxide
How long do red blood cells live? What happens to dead cells? - ANS Can live for days/weeks
-Dead RBC go to liver/spleen -> macrophages break down (recycle) -> heme and globulins ->
Iron (from heme) and Amino Acids
What is erythropoiesis? Where does it take place? - ANS Production of Red Blood Cells
-Occurs in red bone marrow
What are reticulocytes? - ANS Newly produced, relatively immature red blood cells
What is erythropoietin? - ANS a hormone released by kidneys in response to hypoxia ( low O2
levels) to stimulate erythropoiesis
What are the characteristics of leukocytes? - ANS WBC
-Has nucleus
-Has organelles
-no hemoglobins
-can live for years
What are the two classes of leukocytes - ANS granular and agranular
Name all types of leukocytes that fall under the two classes - ANS Granular
-Neutrophils
-Eosinophils
-Basophils
Agranular
-Lymphocytes
-Monocytes
Describe diapedesis - ANS Leukocyte (WBC) leaving the blood to accumulate at the site of
invasion
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