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NR 507 Cardiovascular Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update
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Cardiovascular disorders ~~>Cardiovascular disorders are prevalent in primary care. Many of the disorders develop over several years, due to the risk factors to which individuals have been exposed. For each disorder covered in this unit, a discussion of risk factors will be included. For...

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  • September 10, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • cardiovascular disorders cardiovascular disor

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1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+




NR 507 Cardiovascular Questions and
Correct Answers | Latest Update
Cardiovascular disorders


✓ ~~>Cardiovascular disorders are prevalent in primary care. Many of the

disorders develop over several years, due to the risk factors to which

individuals have been exposed. For each disorder covered in this unit,

a discussion of risk factors will be included. For the concepts covered

below, clinical application of each disease will be provided so that

students can understand the importance of pathophysiology in

diagnosing and treating the disease.




Prerequisite knowledge:


For this content, you should have a basic knowledge of cardiac anatomy;

know the differences between the right and left sides of the heart, in terms of

structure and function. You should also possess solid knowledge of the

unidirectional blood flow through the heart. For example, deoxygenated

blood arrives to the right side of the heart, travels to the pulmonary arteries to

release CO2 and pick up oxygen. At this point, the oxygenated blood is

carried from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left side of the

heart where it eventually reaches the aorta to carry oxygenated blood out to

the body organs. The cellular physiology related to cardiac contraction is

another important basic concept to know, as electrolytes (sodium, potassium



Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


and calcium) play a major role in muscle contraction. Finally, the concepts of

preload, afterload, and contractility are essential to understand, as all of

these can be affected in some way when a person has cardiovascular

disease.




What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?


✓ ~~>CAD is considered the leading cause of death in the United States

(U.S.). It is the result of longstanding atherosclerosis.




Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the endothelium. It is the endothelium,

under normal functioning that maintains balance between the

vasoconstrictive and vasodilation actions, prevents platelets from

aggregating and control of the production of fibrin. When the endothelium

becomes damaged, our familiar inflammatory processes occur.

Macrophages attach to the endothelium, setting up phagocytosis; plaque

formation and vasoconstriction also occurs marking the beginning of

atherosclerosis. The plaque lesions located in the vessels become enlarged

which allows the plaque to progress within the enlarged vessel lumen. The

plaque lesion disrupts normal blood flow and causes thrombus formation

which can be triggered by cardiac risk factors such as elevated LDL,

cholesterol, smoking and diabetes.




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


So, why is this a problem?


Well, the plaque takes decades to develop in the coronary arteries. With mild

disease, blood flow can get through the arteries and the patient is

asymptomatic. Overtime, this build up can lead to narrowing which results in

decreased oxygen supply. When atherosclerosis reaches a clinically

significant level, the patient will begin to experience angina. Further

progression of the disease will result in acute coronary syndrome (ACS),

formerly known as myocardial infarction (MI).




The major risk factor for the development of CAD




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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