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Essential reading for intro to chemistry TAQs
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DistanceLearningCentre.comLEARNING MATERIALS
Subject: Chemistry / Medicine
Unit: Introduction to Chemistry/ Fundamentals of
Chemistry
Topic 1: Introduction to Chemistry/ Fundamentals of
Chemistry
Level: 3
Essential reading
There is no essential textbook for this topic, but you should find that
any A-Level Chemistry textbook will provide a useful guide. The
following textbooks, which you should buy as a pair, are examples of
textbooks that would be suitable:
• AS Level Chemistry for AQA Student Book (Advanced Level
Chemistry for AQA) (2000) by John Atkinson and Carol Hibbert,
published by Heinemann. ISBN-10: 0435581341. ISBN-13: 978-
0435581343
AQA A2 Level Chemistry Student Book (Advanced Level Chemistry for
AQA) (2001) by John Atkinson and Carol Hibbert, published by
Heinemann. ISBN-10: 0435581317. ISBN-13: 978-0435581312
Recommended reading:
Recommended reading for this topic is listed in the back pages of
these learning materials.
Further resources:
Further resources to deepen your learning on specific aspects of this
topic are listed throughout these learning materials.
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Read the Specification:
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read the unit specification in my courses on the Materials page.
© DistanceLearningCentre.com 2022
, Subject: Chemistry / Medicine
Unit: Introduction to Chemistry/ Fundamentals of Chemistry
Topic 1: Introduction to Chemistry/ Fundamentals of Chemistry
Level: 3
LEARNING MATERIALS
Contents
Press CTRL + Click in the contents list to go to the relevant page
Introduction .................................................................................................... 1
1. Subatomic particles .............................................................................. 2
1.1 Structure of the atom ............................................................................... 2
1.1.1 Atomic Number .......................................................................... 3
1.1.2 Mass Number............................................................................. 4
1.2 Atomic structure - energy levels ............................................................... 6
2. Elements, compounds and the periodic table .................................. 10
2.1 Elements................................................................................................ 10
2.2 Compounds ........................................................................................... 10
2.3 Structure of the periodic table ................................................................ 11
3. Ionisation energies .............................................................................. 13
3.1 Successive ionisation energies .............................................................. 15
4. Chemical formulae, and balancing equations ................................. 17
4.1 Chemical Equations ............................................................................... 17
4.2 Assigning states to reactant and product molecules .............................. 22
5. Mole calculations ................................................................................ 25
5.1 Mass of atoms ....................................................................................... 25
5.2 Mass of compounds ............................................................................... 27
5.3 The mole................................................................................................ 28
5.4 Concentration of solutions ..................................................................... 32
6. Bonding ................................................................................................ 35
6.1 Ionic bonding ......................................................................................... 36
6.1.1 Properties of ionic compounds .......................................................... 39
6.2 Metallic bonding ..................................................................................... 40
6.3 Covalent bonding ................................................................................... 41
6.4 Dative (coordinate) bonding ................................................................... 44
6.5 Macromolecular structures ..................................................................... 45
7. Shapes of molecules ........................................................................... 48
7.1 Linear molecule ..................................................................................... 48
7.2 Bent molecule ........................................................................................ 48
7.3 Trigonal planar molecule........................................................................ 49
7.4 Pyramidal molecule ............................................................................... 49
© DistanceLearningCentre.com 2022
, Subject: Chemistry / Medicine
Unit: Introduction to Chemistry/ Fundamentals of Chemistry
Topic 1: Introduction to Chemistry/ Fundamentals of Chemistry
Level: 3
LEARNING MATERIALS
7.5 Tetrahedral molecule ............................................................................. 50
7.6 Trigonal bipyramidal molecule ............................................................... 50
7.7 Octahedral molecule .............................................................................. 51
8. Intermolecular forces .......................................................................... 53
8.1 Electronegativity .................................................................................... 53
8.1.1 Patterns of electronegativity in the periodic table ..................... 54
8.2 Permanent dipole moments ................................................................... 55
8.3 Hydrogen bonding ................................................................................. 57
8.4 Van der Waals forces............................................................................. 58
Recommended reading ............................................................................... 62
Resources .................................................................................................... 62
Sources and credits..................................................................................... 62
Image credits .................................................................................................. 62
© DistanceLearningCentre.com 2022
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