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Geosystems
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Exam study book Geosystems of Robert W. Christopherson, Ginger Birkeland, Mary Louise Byrne, Philip Giles - ISBN: 9780133985887 (Geosystems)
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Test Bank Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, Fourth Canadian Edition (4th Edition) by Robert W. Christopherson complete
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TEST BANK For Geosystems: An Introduction to PhysicalGeography, 5th Canadian Edition
Name the two types of "geologic time": (each is a single-word, separate them with a
single space only) - ANSWER:Numerical, and Relative
________ metamorphism tends to occur in regions where massive amounts of
sedimentary or volcanic materials accumulate in a subsiding basin. - ANSWER:Burial
________ is the process by which a rock changes form or mineral content as a result
of environmental changes such as heat and pressure. - ANSWER:Metamorphism
What is meant by the statement "Every metamorphic rock has a parent rock"? -
ANSWER:All metamorphic rocks are created only through the change of preexisting
rock.
How can a rock change during metamorphism? - ANSWER:Metamorphism can
change the mineralogy, texture, and/or chemical composition of a rock.
This Gigapan image shows a dark metamorphic rock in contact with a lighter igneous
rock (granite). Review the statements below, and determine which are correct about
the dark metamorphic rock on the left in the Gigapan image. - ANSWER:The
metamorphic rock shows foliation.
Return to the Gigapan image. Closely examine the rocks for evidence of
metamorphic agents. Determine the metamorphic agent(s), or main metamorphic
process(es), of the dark metamorphic rock in the Gigapan image. - ANSWER:Heating
and pressure in one main direction
Rank from youngest = 1 (most recent) to oldest = 4. - ANSWER:1.) Intrusion of light
colored igneous rock2.) Metamorphism of rock that became the dark colored
metamorphic3.) Lithification (the creation of sedimentary rock) from sediment4.)
Deposition of Sediments
What role do chemically active fluids play in metamorphism? - ANSWER:Chemically
active fluids can bring new atoms into the rock or take atoms out of the rock, thus
altering the rock's composition.
What is the most important factor driving metamorphism? - ANSWER:Heat
Which kind of stress (confining pressure or differential stress) is responsible for
creating the texture visible in this rock? - ANSWER:Differential stress
Submit
, Which agent of metamorphism was primarily responsible for generating the rock in
the image above? - ANSWER:Heat
What are the four agents that drive metamorphism? - ANSWER:directional stress,
pressure, heat, and chemically active fluids
How is confining pressure different from differential stress? - ANSWER:When a rock
is under confining pressure, all of the forces are applied to the rock equally in all
directions. However, pressure applied to a rock by differential stress is greater in a
single direction than in all of the other directions.
How are metamorphic rocks formed? - ANSWER:Preexisting rock is altered through
heat and pressure.
Do metamorphic rocks look like the preexisting rock from which they form? -
ANSWER:sometimes, but not always
What is foliation? - ANSWER:banding in metamorphic rocks that results from the
reorientation of minerals
How will foliation in continental metamorphic rocks formed during subduction be
oriented? - ANSWER:perpendicular to the direction of plate movement
What would you call a granite that has undergone metamorphism and now exhibits
foliation? - ANSWER:gneiss
What is rock texture? - ANSWER:the way a rock looks
How will minerals orient when a rock is put under normal stress? -
ANSWER:perpendicular to the direction of the greatest stress
How will minerals orient when a rock is put under shear stress? - ANSWER:parallel to
the direction of the shear stress
Why do bands of minerals form when rocks are put under normal stress? -
ANSWER:minerals dissolve, atoms migrate to new locations, and minerals reform
Why are mineral bands in metamorphic rocks light and dark colored? - ANSWER:Dark
minerals rich in iron and magnesium separate from light minerals rich in silica and
aluminum.
Which processes result in mineral flattening during metamorphism? -
ANSWER:dissolution followed by crystallization
What are the two main categories of metamorphic texture? - ANSWER:Foliated and
nonfoliated
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