NUR 265 - Exam 1 Questions And Answers Rated A+ New Update Assured Satisfaction
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Course
NUR 265
Institution
NUR 265
What is nephrotic syndrome? - A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows
larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
What are the dietary restrictions on CKD? - -Protein (restrict early in disease process to preserve
kidney function)
-Pot...
NUR 265 - Exam 1
What is nephrotic syndrome? - A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows
larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
What are the dietary restrictions on CKD? - -Protein (restrict early in disease process to preserve
kidney function)
-Potassium
-Fluid
-Sodium
What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? - -Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - -*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? - 3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? - -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
,Describe the "risk" stage for AKI - creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by 25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI - creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
Describe the "failure" stage for AKI - creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. - Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. - Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. - Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
, How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? - 65 mmHg
What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? - -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? - Watch for dehydration and make
sure output is greater than input
What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? - -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
What is azotemia? - Nitrogenous waste build up
Describe peritoneal dialysis - -Sterile procedure at home where catheter is placed into the
abdomen
-Wear a mask
-Solution may be warmed using a heating bag or blanket, not microwave!
-Make sure patient turns and repositions to mix solution in the cavity
What are manifestations of uremia? - •Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
•Uremic frost on skin
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