3003PSY Survey Design and Analysis Module Content - Mid-Trimester Exam || with 100% Error-free Answers.
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3003PSY Survey Design and Analysis Module Content
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3003PSY Survey Design And Analysis Module Content
histogram correct answers the most basic way of visualising data. shows the frequency and counts of data and can tell us about how scores on a variable are distributed.
what is binning (histograms) correct answers binning are the values of the x-axis that are put into 'bins' at predetermined non...
3003PSY Survey Design and Analysis Module Content -
Mid-Trimester Exam || with 100% Error-free Answers.
histogram correct answers the most basic way of visualising data. shows the frequency and
counts of data and can tell us about how scores on a variable are distributed.
what is binning (histograms) correct answers binning are the values of the x-axis that are put into
'bins' at predetermined non-overlapping intervals. They help to better reveal the distribution of
scores as x-axis values are either inidivudal values or can be bent by binning. basically the
coloums that are found in historgrams.
features in histograms to describe distributions correct answers shape, centre, spead, deviation
from the pattern
distributions correct answers distribution of responses start to form due to the laws of probability
which then forms a shape which is known as the normal distribution curve
shape features correct answers skew, kurtosis and number of peaks
skew correct answers there are three different types of skews found on histograms.
normally skewed: distribution is roughly symmetrical.
negatively skewed: distributions are skewed to the left.
positively skewed: distributions are skewed to the right.
kurtosis correct answers kurtiosis is the 'peakedness' of a distribution - what makes the bell
curved shape. relative concentration of values at the cente, tails (ends) or shoulders (between
centre and tails). three different types of kurtosis.
normal: distributions have a distinctive bell curved shape.
negative kurtosis: distributions are much flatter and have a less/no distinctive peaks.
positive kurtosis: have an overly high concentration if values at the centre giving a pronounced
central peak.
number of peaks correct answers the no. of peaks can be affected when there are two or more
supgroups within the population. there are three different types of peaks.
unimodal: 1 peak.
bimodal: 2 peaks.
multimodal: 3 (or more) peaks.
centre of distributions correct answers the centre of where the distribution lays. where is a
symmetrical distribution it is easy to descrobe the centre of the distribution whilst looking at the
central peak. where there are skewed distributions 9either positive or negative) we need other
methods in order to describe the centre or average scores.
, spread of distributions correct answers the spread of the data. how much indiivduals vary from
eachother within the data. can have distibutions that give the histogram a thin or thicker
appearance.
thin: less distribution of data.
thick: more distribution of data.
deviations from patterns correct answers highlights the outliers. show the extreme values on the
axis.
central tendency correct answers central tendency is the use of numbers to describe distributions.
can be used to describe the centre of distribution (average). when the data is skewed we must use
numbers in order to find the average by calaculating the mode, median or mean. these three
calculation should always come to approx the same avarage, in a perfectly symmetrical data they
will be the exact same number.
mode (Mo) correct answers the simplest average to calculate. the most common score found in
the data. can be located as the peak of the distribution. can be impacted by further data, not
always accurate, no resistant. most appropriate to use when using qualative data (categorical).
median (Mdn) correct answers relies on ordering scores from the least to the most and then
taking the exact middle score.
mean correct answers mean is considered to the balance point of the distribution (the average),
because of this any other values ehat are not the average are considered to be below average or
above average. there are two types of mean that can be calculated
- population mean
- sample mean
population mean correct answers the average of a complete set of scores from a group of people
(population).
can be different due to practibility.
sample mean correct answers the average of a subset of scores.
as psychology research tries to be as generalisable as possble it is far more common to use the
sample mean calculated.
calculating the mean correct answers the sum of all scores divided by the number of scores.
deviations from the mean correct answers because the mean is the balance point, when there is a
wide range of data ranging from below average to above average these values are known as
deviations from the mean. the mean is a special value because the sum of all the positive
deviations is also the sum of all the negative deviations. so the sum of all negative and positve
deviations will equal 0 and that is ALWAYS the case.
scores above the mean: positive deviations.
scores below the mean: negative deviations.
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