NUR 114 Test Two: Hypertension Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 114
Institution
NUR 114
Normal: SBP < 120 and DBP < 80 · Pre-HTN: SBP 120-139 or DBP 80-89 · Stage 1 HTN: SBP 140-159 or DBP 90-99 · Stage 2 HTN: SBP > 160 or DBP > 100 what are the levels of normal, pre HTN, stage 1 and stage 2 of HTN?
o Due to an unidentifiable cause o Most common type, 95 percent of pat...
NUR 114 Test Two: Hypertension Review
Questions and Correct Answers
·
Normal: SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
· Pre-HTN: SBP 120-139 or DBP 80-89
· Stage 1 HTN: SBP 140-159 or DBP 90-99
· Stage 2 HTN: SBP > 160 or DBP > 100 ✅what are the levels of normal, pre HTN,
stage 1 and stage 2 of HTN?
o Due to an unidentifiable cause
o Most common type, 95 percent of patients have this one ✅what is primary
hypertension?
o The cause is known, identifiable cause, the patient knows why they have it ✅what is
secondary hypertension?
o HTN must have value higher than 140 or 90 and it must be an average of 2 or more
elevated BP taken 1-4 weeks apart
o Stages are used with HTN so that all health care providers and patients can be on the
same page ✅what are other factors of hypertension?
o Dyslipidemia
- High LDL and triglycerides
- Low HDL
o Diabetes
o Obesity
o Obstructive sleep apnea
o Controlled diet
o Sedentary lifestyle and stress
o Compliance with medications
o Glucose and cholesterol control
o Alcohol and Smoking ✅what are some modifiable risk factors of hypertension?
o Age and Gender
o Family History
o Pregnancy
o Race
§ Higher occurrence in African American's and this population has it younger compared
to Caucasian ✅what are some nonmodifiable risk factors for hypertension?
o It can be prevented in a way depending on the cause
o Stage 1: Add medications, lifestyle changes, see Dr. once a month and then every 3-6
months
, o Stage 2: Depends on other comorbidities, see Dr. more often until it is controlled and
then every 3 months ✅can hypertension be prevented with it comes to stage 1 and
stage 2?
o What is impacting the cardiac output?
- Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output
- The amount of blood that the heart is pumping out the body each minute
o Something is wrong with the body's usual regulation of BP
- Is it the nervous system, kidneys, decreased vasodilation, resistant to insulin,
activation of the immune system, renal inflammation? ✅for hypertension to occur what
two things have to happen?
· "Silent Killer"
o May be no signs and symptoms other than ↑ BP until the signs appear and then HTN
is advanced ✅why is hypertension called the silent killer?
o Retinal/Eye changes
- Hemorrhage in the eye, exudates (fluid accumulation), arterial narrowing, cotton wool
spots, papilledema (swelling of the optic disc)
o Renal Damage
- Microalbuminuria (shredding the tiny vessels in kidneys and spilling albumin in urine)
- Elevated BUN and Creatinine which may manifest as Nocturia ✅what are some signs
of retinal and renal damage?
o Coronary artery disease with angina and myocardial infarction are common
consequences of hypertension
o Cardiac Hypertrophy
o When heart damage is extensive, heart failure follows
o Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
- Manifested by alterations in vision, speech, dizziness, weakness, sudden fall, or
paralysis
o Sexual Dysfunction
o Hypertension can impact every area of the body ✅what are the other signs of
hypertension besides the organ damage?
- Enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart as it works to pump blood against the
elevated blood pressure ✅what is cardiac hypertrophy?
o Are they a diabetic?
o Are they older? Are they African American?
o Do they have a family history?
o Are any of the organ systems damaged?
- This will help stage it and tell how long it has been going on
o Have they had a heart attack?
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