SPC 4445 MID-TERM (STUDY GUIDE)
Approach - answera general way of thinking of thinking about a phenomenon; not
necessarily based on empirical research
Theory - answerincludes a set of hypotheses, principals, or laws, that explains a given
phenomenon
- are more refined
- provide a predictive f...
"Leaders are born, not made" - answer✔✔Leadership as a Trait
Effective leadership results when the leader engages the ____________________ in the
____________________. - answer✔✔right traits; right place at the right time
Leadership as an Ability - answer✔✔able to be a a leader and haste the capacity to lead
Ability frequently referes to: - answer✔✔a natural capacity and ability that can be acquired
The earliest writing of philosophical leadership was in - answer✔✔Machiavelli's "The Prince"
Behavioral Approach - answer✔✔examines leadership based on behavior
- leadership is observable
The Behavioral Approach is engages in primarily two ways: - answer✔✔1. Task Behaviors: used
by leaders to get the job done
2. Process Behavior: used by leaders to help people feel comfortable with the group members
**The challenge is to to know the best way to combine these two methods in efforts to reach a
goal
Path-goal Theory (Situational Approach) - answer✔✔examines how leaders use employee
motivation to enhance performance and satisfaction
Contingency Theory (Situational Approach) - answer✔✔focuses on the match between the
leader's style and specific situation variables
Relational Approach - answer✔✔examines the nature of relations between leaders and followers
- centered on the communication between leaders and followers
- becomes a processes collaboration
- leadership is not linear ; instead it is an interactive event
-ethical over tone
Framework of Leadership as a Relatiosnhip - answer✔✔interests --> ideas --> positions -->
attitudes --> motivations
Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX) - answer✔✔predicts that high-quality relationships
generate more positive leadership outcomes than low-quality relationships
"New Leadership" Approach - answer✔✔developed into transformational leadership theory,
which describes leadership as a process that changes people and organizations
The 5 Emerging Leadership Approaches - answer✔✔1. Adaptive Leadership: examines how
leaders help people address problems, face challenges, and adapt to change
2. Authentic Leadership: an approach that looks at authenticity of leaders and their leadership
3. Spiritual Leadership: how leaders use values, sense of "calling" and membership to motivate
followers
4. Servant Leadership: emphasizes the "caring principles" with leaders as "servants" who focus
on their followers
5. Gender-based Studies: how one's gender affects and differentiates one's leadership
Leadership as A Skill - answer✔✔leadership is a competency developed to accomplish a task
effectively
- can be studied and learned
Under the "Leadership as A Skill" approach, people can improve their leadership with: -
answer✔✔1. practice
2. instruction
3. feedback
Leadership as an Influence Process - answer✔✔a process whereby an individual influences a
group of individuals to achieve a common goal
- influence is central
- direct their efforts to achieve something together
- important to make a distinction between leadership and management
Leadership vs Management - answer✔✔Leadership: seeking constructive change
Management: establishing order
- Managers are people who do things right; leaders are people who do the right thing
Global Leadership Attributes - answer✔✔Positive: trustworthy, foresighted, positive, builds
confidence , intelligent, win-win problem solving, dynamic
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