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SPC1017 Final Zeigler Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Denotative - answer✔✔Dictionary definition of the word, could have multiple meanings
Connotative - answer✔✔Feelings or associations we have with words (positive, negative)
Semantic Triangle - answer✔✔Happens from experience; THOUGHT, SYMBOL, REFERENT
Thought - answer✔✔Part of the Semantic Triangle, what you THINK it is (when you look at
something you have a thought), ex: coffee in thermos?
Symbol - answer✔✔Part of the Semantic Triangle, know WHAT it is (the word or symbol I
think of), ex: knowing what thermos is
Referent - answer✔✔Part of the Semantic Triangle, the actual item, ex: thermos (easier to define
with greater vocab)
Ladder of Abstraction - answer✔✔Low vs High level of abstraction (how concretely you can
define an idea, item, etc)
Low abstraction - answer✔✔The goal of abstraction, words like water bottle, etc (concrete
things, easy to define)
High abstraction - answer✔✔Abstract ideas like love, capital punishment, etc; hard to define
easily, can be used if it is used with more concrete definition
Language Environment - answer✔✔A way to define context; PEOPLE, PURPOSE, RULES,
ACTUAL TALK
People - answer✔✔Who was there (LE)
Purpose - answer✔✔Why the people were there (LE)
Rules - answer✔✔Govern the situation; rules of communication by which they achieve the
purpose (LE)
Actual Talk - answer✔✔What was involved, what words were said (LE)
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Euphemism - answer✔✔(Benign) words used to avoid saying things we don't wan't to talk about
(ex: restroom, sex, hamburger)
Doublespeak - answer✔✔When companies/government use other words to cover up things (ex:
Operation Iraq Freedom)
Racist, Sexist, Abelist Language - answer✔✔Be careful what you say (can be interpreted wrong)
Rapport Talk - answer✔✔Language style used by women, man seen as week if used; used to
ESTABLISH CONNECTIONS, SET UP SOCIAL NETWORKS, and ACHIEVE INTIMACY
Report Talk - answer✔✔Language style used by men, women seen as bitch if used; used to
MAINTAIN CENTER STAGE, BE DOMINANT, EXCHANGE INFO, and MAINTAIN
STATUS
Powerful Talk - answer✔✔Powerful if avoid these things: vocal fillers, tag questions,
disclaimers/fillers, qualifiers, and hedges; primarily for women to establish intimacy
Qualifiers - answer✔✔"I don't have a degree in biology but I think...", Makes statement less
powerful
Hedges - answer✔✔Word used to lessen impact of what you're saying, ex: "Kind of",
"somewhat", etc
Tag Questions - answer✔✔Lose power when asking the question at the end, ex: "You're John,
AREN'T YOU?"
Dialect - answer✔✔Habitual language of a community; ton in the US, varies by culture, you
learn it, ex: British (smart?), Southern (dumb?)
Vivid and Clear - answer✔✔How you want to say things
Metamessages - answer✔✔Subtext, reading between the lines
Influence - answer✔✔Power of person or thing to affect someone else, ex: Garnet Stokes
Motivation - answer✔✔Stimulation or inducement that causes you to act; easy to set up intention
but to make people act you must influence/do this
Ethical Persuasion - answer✔✔Treat audience with respect, avoid lying/name calling, don't
exaggerate/distort facts or suppress key info (malpractice), tell people if you have something to
gain from speech
Values - answer✔✔Ideas of what we have of what is good, bad, right, wrong
Beliefs - answer✔✔Statements of knowledge, opinion, and faith
