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Enzymology Exam| 60 questions Solved 100% Correct
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Enzymology Exam| 60 questions Solved 100%Correct
Negative feedback regulation is when a product downstream allosterically binds to the enzyme
slowing down the reaction because enough of the product has been made. Negative feedback
inhibition is the complete stop of the reaction. - ✔negative feedback regulation
done to increase/decrease activity. The most common example is phosphoralation which
changes protein conformation because the phosphate is - charged so interacts with + charged
residues resulting in the exposure of the active site. Removal of the phoshate group by the
phosphotase. Another way that an emzyme is modified by another enyzyme is the activation
of zymogens. They are made inactive, they need to be cleaved to be activated. An example is
trypsin from tripsinogen. Trypsin is further used to activate other zymogens. - ✔covalent
modifications
Enzyme unit is the concentration of the enzyme that can catalyze 1 uM of substrate
into product in one minute. Mesured in katal. - ✔enzyme unit
enzyme units/mg of protein. - ✔specific activity
maximum activity. How much substrate into product at Vmax. - ✔turnover number
substrate concentraion needed to produce half of Vmax. Small Km=higher affinity.
- ✔michaelis constant
1/V plotted against 1/S. Turnd the hyperbolic equation into linear. The x-intercept is -1/Km and
y-intercept is 1/Vmax. - ✔lineweaver/burk plot
E is proportional to V. straight line when plotted against each other - ✔E in relation to Velocity
, S is proportional to V. straight line - ✔first order kinetics
Zero order kinetics: V doesn't depend on S hyperbolic - ✔zero order kinetics
in metabolics, there are multiple steps with multiple dissociation constants k1 etc. the
slowest one is the rate determining step. - ✔rate determining step
covalently bonds. Can't go back - ✔irreversible inhibition
inhibits acetylcholinesterase which is supposed to hydrolize acetylcholine which is a
nuerotransmitter. After inhibition=paralysis. DFP diiisopropylflourophosphate is a nerve gas
that reacts with all serine in active site. - ✔nerve gas-irreversible inhibitor
binds thiol groups. - ✔Iodoacetamide-irr. inhibitor
Dislfiram binds aldehyde dehydrogenase at the cysteine. Works for alcoholics because alcohol is
converted into acetaldehyde via alcohol dehydrogenase. Acetaldehyde can't be converted to
acetic acid due to dislfiram causing accumulation and eventually vomitting. - ✔Dislfiram- irr.
inhibitor
binds to the serine on cyclooxygenase( COX) which is proinflammatory. so by doing that
aspirin is an anti-inflammatory - ✔aspirin-irr. inhibitor
competitive: where substrate and inhibitor fight for the active site. Equally fit, so the product
depends on the concentration of the S and I. An example is feedback inhibition -
✔competitive reversible inhibition
AZT: azidothymidine-analog of thymine used in aids. Inhibits viral reverse transcriptase.
- ✔AZT
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