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ECG/ DYSRHYTHMIAS Test – ECG |Questions &Complete Solutions
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ECG/ DYSRHYTHMIAS Test – ECG |Questions &Complete Solutions
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ECG/ DYSRHYTHMIAS Test – ECG|Questions &Complete Solutions
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) - ✔contraction origination from an ectopic focus (still
in atria but not from SA node)
PAC clinical association - ✔can be due to physical fatigue, stress, or caffeine, alcohol,
tobacco use.
can also be due to hypoxia, electrolyte imbalance, diseases such as COPD,
hyperthyroidism, CAD
PAC ECG characteristics - ✔HR: varies with underlying rate and frequency of
PAC. rhythm:irregular
P wave: different shape, originating from SA node
PAC Clinical significance - ✔in those with healthy hearts, isolated PAC's are not
significant in those with heart disease, PAC's can indicated enhanced automaticity of atria
PAC treatment - ✔depends on symptoms
withdrawal of caffeine or sympathomimetic drugs are warranted
beta blockers used to reduce PAC's
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia - ✔dysrhythmia originating in an ectopic
focus anywhere above bifurcation of bundle of his (not from the SA node, but anywhere
above ventricles)
PSVT Ecg Characteristics - ✔HR: 100-300 bpm
Rhythm: regular or slightly irregular
, P WAVE: often hidden in the preceding T wave, but if seen it may be in an abnormal shape
PSVT clinical associations - ✔associated with overexertion, emotional stress, deep
inspiration, and stimulants (caffeine, tobacco)
also associated with CAD, digitalis toxicity, rheumatic heart disease, and cor
pulmonale can occur in presence of WPW: (wolf parkinson white: extra heart beats)
PSVT clinical significance - ✔depends on HR.
prolonged episode and HR greater than 180bpm may result in decrease CO,
causing hypotension, dyspnea, and angina
PSVT treatment - ✔vagal stimulation (valsalva maneuver and coughing) and drug therapy
(first drug of choice IV adenosine to convert to normal sinus rhythm) then IV beta blockers,
calcium channel blockers, digoxin and amiodarone
ATRIAL FLUTTER - ✔atrial tachydysrhymia
SA node isn't working
multiple kicks before QRS contracts
recurring, regular, SAWTOOTH-shaped flutter waves.
ordinates from SINGLE exotic focus in Right Atrium
Atrial Flutter: Clinical Associations - ✔rare in normal heart.
associated with CAD, HTN, mitral valve disorders, pulmonary embolus, chronic lung disease, for
pulmonale, cardomyopathy, hyperthyroidism, and using digoxin, quinidine, and epinephrine.
Atrial flutter: ECG characteristics - ✔Atrial rate: 250-350 bpm
QRS dilation: usually normal
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