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DOCC Block C Exam 2| Questions and 100% Correct Verified Answers
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DOCC Block C Exam 2| Questions and 100% CorrectVerified Answers
Typical benign murmurs in infants are usually found at the _______ border and are
____________ in characteristic.
Upper left sternal border, crescendo-decrescendo
What are the timelines for fontanelle closing?
- Posterior: Smaller and closed by 2 months
- Anterior: Larger and closed between 4 months-2 years
Chvostek's Sign (in infants)
Spasm of the facial muscles produced by percussing the cheek below the zygomatic
bone anterior to the ear; suggestive of latent tetany in infants with hypocalcemia
What are the visual milestones of infancy?
- Birth: Blinks, may regard face
- 1 month: Fixes on objects
- 1.5-2 months: Coordinated eye movements
- 3 months: Eyes converge, baby reaches towards stimuli
- 12 months: Acuity around 20/60-20/80
Babinski Reflex (in infants)
Normal reflexes in infants- to 2 years old that occurs after the sole of the foot has been
firmly stroked where the big toe then moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot
and the other toes fan out
Ortolani's Test
palpable click/clunk on gliding of femoral head in (abduction and external rotation) and out
of acetabulum in order to reduce a dislocated femoral head in an infant that is lying supine
Barlow's Sign
A test is used to check for hip congenital dislocation in children in which hip instability feels like
a clunk as the head of the femur pops back into place when pressure is applied to the hip from
the front with the knee flexed
Palmar/Plantar Grasp Reflex
,In response to stroking a baby's palm/sole, the baby's fingers/toes will grasp, and this will last
for the first 4 months
Rooting Reflex
A baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth,
and search for the nipple (birth to 3-4 months)
Moro (Startle) Reflex
An infant will startle in response to a loud sound or sudden movement (birth to 4 months)
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
Movement of the baby's head to one side will cause extension of the arm and leg to the side
to which the head is turned and flexion of the limbs on the other side (birth to 2 months)
Trunk Incurvation (Galant) Reflex
Stroking the spine of the prone newborn causes the pelvis to turn to the stimulated side (birth
to 2 months)
Landau Reflex
Infant should attempt to raise the head and arch the back when placed in a prone
position (birth to 6 months)
Parachute Reflex
A protective arm and leg extension/flexion that occurs when an infant is suddenly
thrust downward when prone to (appears by 7 to 9 months and does not disappear)
Positive Support Reflex
Weight placed on balls of feet leads to stiffening of legs and trunk into extension (appears 0-
2 months until 6 months)
Placing and Stepping Reflex
Pretend walking reflex that is variable in terms of age to disappear.; an absence may
mean paralysis, also babies born breech may not have this reflex
Acoustic Blink Reflex
Blinking of the infant's eyes in response to a sharp sound
Describe the rationale behind developmental surveillance (4 Principles of
Child Development).
- Child development proceeds along a predictable pathway (loss of milestones = concern)
, - Range of development is wide
- Various physical, social, and environmental factors and disease can impact child development
- Developmental levels impact how you conduct history/physical exam
Infant Periodicity Schedule
Doctor visits at: Birth, Week 1, Month 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12
4 Cardinal Domains of Development
- Gross Motor
- Fine Motor
- Speech/Language
- Social/Cognitive/Behavioral
Apgar Scale
A system of rating the physical condition of a newborn baby performed 1 minute and 5
minutes after birth to assess stress of birth and adaptation to extra-uterine life (HR, RR, tone,
irritability, color)
Ballard Scoring System
Standardized method used to estimate gestational age and is based on the infant's
external characteristics and neurological development (age and weight)
What are examples of tests for developmental milestones?
- ASQ (Ages and Stages Questionnaire)
- ELM Scale-2 (Early Language Milestone Scale)
- MCHAT (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers)
- PEDS (Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status
- DDST (Denver Developmental Screening Test)
Sequence gross motor development from newborn to 6 years old.
- Newborns: limited, will only lie supine or prone
- 2 Months: turns neck and lifts head
- 4 Months: roll over front to back and back to front, push themselves up
- 6 Months: sit ("six") up unsupported
- 9-12 Months: crawl, creep, cruise, walk unassisted
- 1 Year: walk by oneself
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