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DAT Biology Exam with Questions and 100% Correct Answers| Passed
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does DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase need a primer? - RNA RNA polymerase binds to an area called ____ - promoter what does the promoter do? - RNA polymerase attaches/initiates transcription Explain initiation in transcription - promoter binding occurs, RNA polymerase lands. DNA helix unwinds +...

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  • September 7, 2024
  • 86
  • 2024/2025
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  • DAT Biology
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DAT Biology Exam with Questions
and 100% Correct Answers| Passed
RNA is made using a ____ template - ✔✔DNA



where does transcription occur? - ✔✔nucleus of eukaryotic cells



what does RNA polymerase do in transcription? - ✔✔separates 2 DNA strands + nucleotides are
joined together as they base-pair along DNA template



does DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase need a primer? - ✔✔RNA



RNA polymerase binds to an area called ____ - ✔✔promoter



what does the promoter do? - ✔✔RNA polymerase attaches/initiates transcription



Explain initiation in transcription - ✔✔promoter binding occurs, RNA polymerase lands. DNA
helix unwinds + enzyme initiates RNA synthesis @ start point on the template strand



do eukaryotes or prokaryotes have a pribnow box? - ✔✔prokaryotes



transcription factors recognize an area with the promoter site ____ - ✔✔TATA box



where is TATA box found? - ✔✔eukaryotes

,what makes up the TIC? - ✔✔transcription factors + RNA polymerase



explain elongation in transcription - ✔✔- RNA polymerase moves along DNA and untwists it



- RNA nucleotides added to 3' end of growing chain



- A:U



- DNA template strand or anti-sense strand is transcribed



define codon in transcription - ✔✔transcriptional unit of 3 bases



____ proofreads for errors




more errors occur during ____ than for replication

A. transcription

B. translation - ✔✔A



explain transcription termination - ✔✔- RNA polymerase transcribed terminator sequence in DNA



- RNA transcript released



- mRNA diffuses away from DNA template



define spliceosome - ✔✔snRNP's + other proteins

,where does translation occur? - ✔✔cytoplasm



when does translation occur? - ✔✔after transcription



what is the function of tRNA in translation? - ✔✔transfers aa to the ribosome



define aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase - ✔✔reaction that joins aa to specific tRNA



what is the start codon? - ✔✔AUG (methionine)



what binding sites does a ribosome have in translation? - ✔✔mRNA, 3 tRNA (A,P,E)



in translation, polypeptide synthesis takes place at which sites? - ✔✔A , P



the P site holds ____



the A site holds ____ - ✔✔tRNA attached to growing polypeptide chain



tRNA with its associated aa to polypeptide chain



in translation, what site is tRNA discharged? - ✔✔E site



where are eukaryotic ribosomes made? - ✔✔nucleolus



explain translation initiation - ✔✔- mRNA attached to ribosome



- A + P site exist

, - initiator aa on small ribosomal subunit



- anticodon matches with AUG to mRNA (see this @ P site)



- A site now available to bring to aa #2



explain translation elongation - ✔✔- peptide bond forms (A + P site)



- translocation occurs (tRNA moves from A site to P site and P site to E site)



- 3rd tRNA can move to vacated A site



- peptide bond forms between aa 2 + 3



define wobble hypothesis - ✔✔3rd codon base + 3rd tRNA base might not always be complimentary



explain translation termination - ✔✔- stop codon appears



- new polypeptide moves into cytoplasm or enters RER



define mutation - ✔✔change in nucleotide gene sequence



what does it mean when the genetic code is degenerate? - ✔✔many of the 64 codons are redundant



define point mutation + example - ✔✔single base pair of gene affected (sickle cell anemia)



a glutamic acid is replaced by valine on the ____ - ✔✔beta chain of hemoglobin

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