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NUR 376 Exam #2 Blueprint (PATHO MOD 4: Chapters 20, 21 MOD 5: Chapters 29, 30, 31, 32 MOD 6: Chapters 22, 23) Questions With Complete Solutions$17.99
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NUR 376 Exam #2 Blueprint (PATHO MOD 4: Chapters 20,
21 MOD 5: Chapters 29, 30, 31, 32 MOD 6: Chapters 22, 23)
Questions With Complete Solutions
Acute Pharyngitis Correct Answers Acute pharyngitis (sore
throat)
-inflammation of the pharynx (back of the throat)
Etiology: viral, bacterial infections, irritants or allergens;
Environmental factors: dry air, smoking, exposure to pollutants,
or excessive voice strain can lead to throat irritation and
inflammation.
Acute rhinitis Correct Answers Acute rhinitis (common cold/
Flu) -- inflammation of the nasal passages caused by a viral
infection.
Etiology: primarily viral, with respiratory viruses being the main
cause of inflammation in the nasal passages.
Acute sinusitis Correct Answers Acute sinusitis (sinus
infection)
- inflammation of the sinus cavities caused by viral infections,
bacterial infections, or allergies.
Etiology: viruses infect the nasal passages and lead to
inflammation and blockage of the sinus openings. This blockage
prevents proper drainage of mucus, causing it to accumulate in
the sinuses and promoting bacterial growth.
,Acute Tonsillitis Correct Answers Acute tonsillitis
(inflammation and infection of the tonsils)
- Viral and Bacterial infection
Etiology: Streptococcus bacteria, allergies or chronic tonsillar
enlargement contribute to the development or persistence of
tonsillitis.
Compare and contrast the concepts of
ventilation, oxygenation, and perfusion. Correct Answers
ventilation is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs
oxygenation involves adding oxygen to the blood in the lungs
perfusion: is the circulation of oxygenated blood to the body's
tissues and organs.
Etiology:
Ventilation: respiratory muscle function and airway obstructions
Oxygenation: lung diseases and impairments in gas exchange.
Perfusion: cardiovascular disorders and blood flow
abnormalities.
All are essential for maintaining adequate oxygen supply to the
tissues and removal of carbon dioxide.
- All are essential for maintaining adequate oxygen supply to the
tissues and removal of carbon dioxide.
,- They are interrelated: Ventilation is necessary for proper
oxygenation, and oxygenation is crucial for perfusion.
- Abnormalities in any of these concepts can lead to impaired
gas exchange and tissue hypoxia.
Compare and contrast treatment options for
renal replacement. Correct Answers Continuous Renal
Replacement Therapy (CRRT) and Hemodialysis are two
different modalities of renal replacement therapy used in the
management of renal failure.
CRRT is a slower and continuous form of renal replacement
therapy that is often used for hemodynamically unstable patients
with fluid overload, especially in the ICU setting. It provides a
gentler ultrafiltration process and allows for a more stable fluid
balance.
Hemodialysis is an intermittent form of renal replacement
therapy commonly used for patients with ESRD. It involves
rapid removal of fluid and solutes during shorter sessions.
Compare the various types of hepatitis
including modes of transmission : Hepatitis A,B, C Correct
Answers types of viral hepatitis that affect the liver.
1. Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
Transmission: caused by ingestion of contaminated food or
water or contracted from person to person through the fecal-oral
route. It can also be transmitted through sexual contact or by
injecting drugs.
, Clinical presentation: Causes a mild disease with symptoms
such as fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and
jaundice.
2. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Transmission: Spread through contact with infected blood, body
fluids, or sexual contact. It can also be transmitted from an
infected mother to her newborn during childbirth.
Clinical presentation: Symptoms can range from mild to severe,
including fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, jaundice, and
joint pain. Some individuals may become chronic carriers of the
virus.
3. Hepatitis C virus (HCV):
Transmission: Primarily transmitted through contact with
infected blood, most commonly through sharing needles or other
drug paraphernalia among drug users. It can also be transmitted
through unprotected sexual contact or from an infected mother
to her newborn.
Clinical presentation: Initially, acute HCV infection may be
asymptomatic or cause mild symptoms. Chronic HCV infection
can lead to liver damage over time, often remaining undetected
until advanced stages.
Describe pathophysiology and clinical
manifestations of patients with GI cancers: Pancreatic Correct
Answers Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal cancer with a low
5-year survival rate. The incidence of pancreatic cancer
increases with age, and it is one of the leading causes of cancer-
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