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Pharmacology Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN Questions With Complete Solutions
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Pharmacology Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN Questions With Complete Solutions
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Pharmacology Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RNQuestions With Complete Solutions
A 19-year-old has sustained a severe head injury is intubated
and placed on assisted mechanical ventilation. To facilitate
optimal ventilation and prevent the client from "fighting" the
ventilator, the health care provider administers pancuronium
bromide IV, with adjunctive opioid analgesia. What medication
should be immediately accessible for a potential complication
with this drug? Correct Answers Neostigmine bromide
Rationale: Neostigmine bromide and atropine sulfate, both
anticholinergic drugs, reverse the respiratory muscle paralysis
caused by pancuronium bromide.
A 2-month-old infant is scheduled to receive the first DPT
immunization. What is the preferred injection site to administer
this immunization? Correct Answers Vastus lateralis
Rationale: The preferred intramuscular site for children younger
than 2 years is the vastus lateralis.
A 21-year-old female client is receiving tetracycline for acne.
Which client teaching should the nurse include? Correct
Answers Oral contraceptives may not be effective.
Rationale:Certain antibiotics, such as tetracycline, decrease the
effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
A 24-year-old female presents to the emergency department
with her best friend. She states to the intake nurse, "My husband
forces me to have sex with him 2 to 3 times every day.
Sometimes I tell him I don't want to, but then he gets mean with
me, forces me on my stomach and has anal sex with me." What
,are the nurse's next actions? (Select all that apply.) Correct
Answers -Contact a S.A.N.E. nurse.
-Assist the client into a private exam room.
Rationale:Marital sexual abuse occurs when the spouse does not
consent to a sexual act. Asking about the client's intentions
toward nonconsensual sex is nontherapeutic and does not
support the client's chief complaint. SANE nurses are trained in
conducting an examination for sexual abuse victims. The client
needs a quiet, private space. The best friend is the client's
support system and can initially accompany the client to help
ease the transition to the medical environment.
A 25-year-old client has been particularly restless, and the nurse
finds the client trying to leave the psychiatric unit. The client
tells the nurse, "Please let me go! I must leave because the secret
police are after me." What is the nurse's best response? Correct
Answers "Come with me to your room, and I will sit with you."
Rationale: is the best response because it offers support without
judgment or demands.
A 26-year-old primigravida client is experiencing increasing
discomfort and anxiety during the active phase of labor. She
requests something for pain. Which analgesic should the nurse
anticipate administering? Correct Answers Butorphanol
Rationale: Butorphanol is a mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic
resulting in good analgesia but with less respiratory depression,
nausea, and vomiting compared with opioid agonist analgesics.
A 3-year-old boy is admitted to the emergency department after
ingesting an unknown amount of phenobarbital elixir prescribed
for his brother's seizure disorder. Which nursing action should
,the nurse take first? Correct Answers Take the child's vital
signs.
Rationale: Phenobarbital causes respiratory depression, so the
priority intervention is assessment of vital signs.
A 4-year-old child is receiving chemotherapy for acute
lymphocytic leukemia. Which laboratory result should the nurse
examine to assess the child's risk for infection? Correct
Answers Neutrophil count
Rationale: During chemotherapy, granulocytes are significantly
suppressed. Because neutrophils comprise 60% to 70% of the
granulocyte count, these levels are the most useful laboratory
results of the options presented to determine the child's risk for
infection.
A 42-year-old client is admitted to the emergency department
after taking an overdose of amitriptyline in a suicide attempt.
Which drug should the nurse plan to administer to reverse the
cardiac and central nervous system effects of amitriptyline?
Correct Answers Sodium bicarbonate
Rationale:Sodium bicarbonate is an effective treatment for an
overdose of tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline to
reverse QRS prolongation.
A 45-year-old female client is receiving alprazolam for anxiety.
Which client behavior would indicate that the drug is effective?
Correct Answers The staff observes the client sitting in the day
room reading a book.
A 6-year-old child is admitted to the emergency department with
status epilepticus. The parents report that the seizure disorder
, has been managed with phenytoin, 50 mg PO bid, for the past
year. Which drug should the nurse plan to administer? Correct
Answers Diazepam
Rationale:Diazepam is the drug of choice for treatment of status
epilepticus.
A 67-year-old client is discharged from the hospital with a
prescription for digoxin, 0.25 mg daily. Which instruction
should the nurse include in this client's discharge teaching plan?
Correct Answers Take and record radial pulse rate daily.
Rationale: Monitoring pulse rate is very important when taking
digoxin. The client should be further instructed to report pulse
rates <60 or >110 beats/min and to withhold the dosage until
consulting with the health care provider in such a case.
A chemotherapeutic regimen with doxorubicin HCl is being
planned for a client recently diagnosed with cancer. What
diagnostic test results should the nurse review prior to initiating
this treatment? Correct Answers Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Rationale: Baseline cardiac function studies are required to
monitor the irreversible cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin HCl.
cardiac function studies are required to monitor the irreversible
cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin HCl.
A child is being treated with mebendazole for pinworms. What
dietary information will the nurse relay to the client's mother?
Correct Answers High-fat diet
Rationale: A high-fat diet increases the absorption of
mebendazole, which boosts the effectiveness of the medication
in eliminating the pinworms.
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