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NCE: Purple Book Questions And Correct
Revised Answers
Freud's stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson's stages are - answer✔✔psychosocial
In Freud's psychodynamic theory, instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist.
Ego psychologists - answer✔✔believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior.
Psychodynamic theories focus on___________ __________ rather than cognitive factors when
counseling clients. - answer✔✔unconcsious processes
The ___ is logical, rational, and utilizes the power of reasoning and control to keep impulses in
check. The reality principle. - answer✔✔ego
The behaviorist generally feels that if it can't be __________ then it doesn't exist. -
answer✔✔measured
The __ is chaotic and concerned only with the body, not with the outside world. This is the
pleasure principle and houses the animalistic instincts. - answer✔✔id
The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life
span was - answer✔✔Erik Erikson
The statement "the ego is dependent on the id" would most likely reflect the work of -
answer✔✔Sigmund Freud
Known for his ideas related to adult cognitive development; especially regarding college
students. Stresses a concept known as dualistic thinking, common to teens in which things are
conceptualized as good or bad or right or wrong. - answer✔✔Robert Perry
Known for his work in strategic and problem-solving therapy, often utilizing the technique of
paradox. Claims to have acquired information by studying works of Milton H. Erickson. -
answer✔✔Jay Haley
Considered a pioneer in the behavior therapy movement, especially in regard to the use of
systematic desensitization, a technique which helps client cope with phobias. Today his name is
associated with multimodal therapy. - answer✔✔Arnold Lazarus
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Known figure in the area of adult cognitive development. His model stresses interpersonal
development. His theory is billed as a "constructive model of development, meaning that
individuals construct reality through the lifespan." - answer✔✔Robert Keegan
Jean Piaget's idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from
stage 1 to stage 4 is - answer✔✔sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal
operations
Idiographic approaches to theories, such as Freud and Piaget, examine _________ in depth. -
answer✔✔individuals
In contrast to idiographic approaches, nomothetic approaches (such as behaviorism or the DSM)
student general principles that apply to - answer✔✔the population
Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget's
developmental research inasmuch as - answer✔✔his findings were often derived from observing
his own children
A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicated that she
feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered - answer✔✔conservation
In Piaget's theory, the term __________ refers to the notion that a substance's weight, mass, and
volume remain the same even if it changes shape. According to Piaget, the child masters this
concept during the concrete operations stage (7-11 years). - answer✔✔conservation
Conservation and counting belong in which Piaget stage? - answer✔✔Concrete Operations
In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to - answer✔✔volume or mass
__________ expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of moral development. -
answer✔✔Lawrence Kohlberg
He disagreed with Piaget's notion that developmental stages take place naturally, insisting that
the stages unfold due to educational intervention. - answer✔✔Lev Vygotsky
Perhaps the leading theorist in moral development. Used stories to determine the level of moral
development in children.. - answer✔✔Lawrence Kohlberg
Father of American behaviorism and coined the term "behaviorism" in 1912. - answer✔✔John
B. Watson
Kohlberg, Erikson, and Maslow's theories are said to be ________ in nature, meaning each stage
emerges from the one before it. - answer✔✔epigenetic
According to Jean Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the third stage, known as
concrete operations or concrete operational thought. This notion suggests - answer✔✔one can
undo an action, hence an object (say a glass of water) can return to its initial shape
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During a thunderstorm, a 6-year-old child in Piaget's stage of preoperational thought (stage 2)
says, "The rain is following me." This is an example of - answer✔✔egocentrism
Lawrence Kohlberg suggested - answer✔✔three levels of morality
The Heinz dilemma is to Kohlberg's theory as a typing test is to - answer✔✔the level of typing
skill mastered
The term "identity crisis" comes from the work of - answer✔✔Erikson
This term was coined by Abraham Maslow and popularized by learned helplessness syndrome
pioneer Martin Seligman. It refers to the study of human strengths, such as joy, wisdom,
altruism, the ability to love, happiness, and wisdom. - answer✔✔positive psychology
Kohlberg's three levels of morality are - answer✔✔preconventional, conventional,
postconventional
In Kohlberg's levels of morality, this is the level where the child responds to consequences and
reward and punishment greatly influence the behavior. - answer✔✔preconventional
In Kohlberg's levels of morality, this is the level where the individual wants to meet the
standards of family, society, and even the nation. - answer✔✔conventional
Kohlberg felt that many people never reach this level of morality, where the person is concerned
with universal, ethical principles of justice, dignity,and equality of human rights. -
answer✔✔postconventional
Trust verses mistrust is - answer✔✔Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development
Postulated the stages of infancy, childhood, the juvenile era, preadolescence, early adolescence,
and late adolescence. His theory is known as the psychiatry of interpersonal relationships. -
answer✔✔Harry Stack Sullivan
A person who has successfully mastered Erikson's first seven stages would be ready to enter
Erikson's final or eight stage, - answer✔✔integrity versus despair
In Kohlberg's first or preconventional level, the individual's moral behavior is guided by -
answer✔✔consequences
A behavioristic technique in which the goal is to weaken or eliminate a learned response by
pairing it with a stronger or desirable response - answer✔✔counterconditioning
Pioneered by Lev Vygotsky, describes the difference between a child's performance without a
teacher versus that which he or she is capable of with an instructor. - answer✔✔zone of proximal
development
Freud and Erikson could be classified as - answer✔✔Maturationists
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This theory suggests that behavior is guided exclusively via hereditary factors, but that certain
behaviors will not manifest themselves until the necessary stimuli are present in the environment.
In addition, the theory suggests that the individual's neural development must be at a certain
level of maturity for the behavior to unfold. - answer✔✔Maturation Theory
This theory focuses heavily on mindfulness (being aware of your own state of mind and the
environment) and was created by Marsha M. Linehan and is useful for clients harboring feelings
of self-harm and suicide. It is also useful with substance abuse issues. - answer✔✔Dialectical
behavior therapy
John Bowlby, the British psychiatrist, is most closely associated with - answer✔✔bonding and
attachment
Pioneer in terms of using a one-way mirror for observing children. Maturationist. -
answer✔✔Arnold Gesell
Known for separation-individual theory of child development, this person calls the child's
absolute dependence on the female caretaker "symbiosis". Difficulties in the symbiotic
relationship can result in adult psychosis. - answer✔✔Margaret Mahler
In which Eriksonian stage does the midlife crisis occur? - answer✔✔Generativity versus
stagnation
This researcher is well known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus
monkeys - answer✔✔Harry Harlow
The statement: "Males are better than females when performing mathematical calculations" is -
answer✔✔true according to research by Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
The Eriksonian stage that focuses heavily on sharing your life with another person is -
answer✔✔intimacy versus isolation (25 - 34 years)
We often refer to individuals as conformists. Which of these individuals would most likely
conform to his or her peers?
A 19-year old male college student
A 23-year old male drummer in a rock band
A 57-year old female stockbroker
A 13-year old male middle school student - answer✔✔A 13-year old male middle school student
In Harry Harlow's experiments with baby moneys, the baby monkey was more likely to cling to a
- answer✔✔terry-cloth surrogate mother than a wire surrogate mother
Freud postulated the psychosexual stages: - answer✔✔oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
