Erosion
process in which, by the actions of wind and/or water, soil particles detached and transported
Sediment
eroded material suspended in wind or water
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Erosion - ANSWER- process in which, by the actions of wind and/or water, soil
particles detached and transported
Sediment - ANSWER- eroded material suspended in wind or water
Sedimentation - ANSWER- deposition of eroded material
Types of Erosion - ANSWER- splash
sheet
rill
gully
channel
Splash erosion - ANSWER- raindrop impact energy is enough to dislodge surface
sediments
sheet erosion - ANSWER- caused by rain splash detaching soil particles lifting
them up and removing them by shallow "sheets" of water flowing down the
sloped soil surface
Rill Erosion - ANSWER- as flow concentrates, small channels begin to form in the
soil surface
Gully Erosion - ANSWER- Formed when runoff cuts rills deeper and wider or
when flows from several rills come together and form a large channels
Channel Erosion - ANSWER- may become unstable due to increased flows or
changes in upstream sediment load
Natural erosion - ANSWER- generally considered due to the influences of climate
on the surface of the earth
,Accelerated erosion - ANSWER- natural erosion plus human activities
What problems can accelerated erosion cause? - ANSWER- Unrestricted
development
removal of surface cover
increased imperviousness
poor stewardship
Problems associated with construction related erosion - ANSWER- problems for
down slope property owners
nuisance problems on streets
clog streams and storm drains
increased turbidity downstream
cover sensitive habitat with sediment
Identify instream damages of sediment - ANSWER- destruction of spawning
areas, food sources, habitat
direct toxicity to wildlife
lake degradation
filling of navigation channels
impacts to commercial fisheries
reduction of water storage capacities
Suspended material - ANSWER- sediment can affect light penetration, channel
stability, fisheries and habitat
Name Off stream damages - ANSWER- Increased flood hazards
increased water treatment costs
decreased capacity in conveyance facilities
higher infrastructure maintenance costs
What has increased the amount of impervious surface in our watersheds? -
ANSWER- Urbanization and development
priority pollutants include - ANSWER- nutrients
pathogens
heavy metals
toxics
sediment
salts
,detergents
hydro carbons
Clean Water Act (CWA) - ANSWER- Federal Water Pollution Control Act enacted
to restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the
waters of the US
administered by USEPA
Section 401 - ANSWER- water quality certification
requires applicant, including any construction or operation of a facility, to obtain
certification to discharge ANY pollutant.
administered by the State
Section 402 - ANSWER- NPDES Regs
NPDES - ANSWER- National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
MS4 - ANSWER- Municipal Separate Storm Sewers Systems
NURP - ANSWER- Nationwide Urban Runoff Program
1987-1983
led to EPA regulating stormwater
Phase I
(1987 - 1992) - ANSWER- already covered by NPDES permit
facilities that engage in industrial activity
Large municipal storm systems (>250,000)
Medium municipal storms systems (100 - 250 K)
facilities that EPA said were significant contributors
Storm Water Implementation Rule - ANSWER- enacted April 1992, identified
minimum requirements for NPDES stormwater permits
Section 404 - ANSWER- regulates dredge / fill permitting into waters of the US
administered by USACE
CZARA - ANSWER- Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) of
1990 requires coastal zone states to develop Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control
Programs
, section 6217 nonpoint source in coastal areas
stormwater - ANSWER- stormwater runoff, snow melt runoff, and surface runoff
and drainage
NPDES stormwater regulation say - ANSWER- stormwater must be in any
discernable, confined, and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any
pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock,
concentrated feeding operation....
waters of the US - ANSWER- waters used for interstate or foreign commerce
all interstate waters including wetlands
all other waters, the use ofr degeration of which would affect interstate or foreign
commerce
impoundments of waters
territorial sea
wetlands adjacent to waters above
Phase II - ANSWER- December 1999, require construction sites disturbing equal
to or greater than 1 acre and less than 5 to control pollutants in stormwater
runoff.
SWMP - ANSWER- Stormwater Management Plan
6 minimum measures of SWMP - ANSWER- Public Education and Outreach
Public Participation / Involvement
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
Construction Site Runoff Control
Post Construction Runoff Control
Pollution Prevention / Good Housekeeping
(PPICPP)
Purpose of Clean Water Act - ANSWER- protect the beneficial uses of surface
waters
Water quality standards must do the following - ANSWER- Include provisions for
restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical and biological integrity of state
waters
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