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2024 ULTIMATE AWS CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS ARCHITECT ASSOCIATE SAA-C03 EXAM WITH ANSWERS
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2024 ULTIMATE AWS CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS ARCHITECT ASSOCIATE SAA-C03 EXAM WITH ANSWERS
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2024 ULTIMATE AWS CERTIFIEDSOLUTIONS ARCHITECT
ASSOCIATE SAA-C03 EXAM WITH
ANSWERS
Leaders of the cloud - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. AWS
2. Microsoft
3. Google
4. Alibaba Cloud
5. Oracle
6. IBM
Over 1 million users on AWS
WAF vs. FIrewall Manager vs. Shield - CORRECT-ANSWERS• WAF, Shield and
Firewall Manager are used together for comprehensive protection
• Define your Web ACL rules in WAF
• For granular protection of your resources, WAF alone is the correct choice
• If you want to use AWS WAF across accounts, accelerate WAF
configuration, automate the protection of new resources, use Firewall
Manager with AWS WAF
• Shield Advanced adds additional features on top of AWS WAF, such as
dedicated support from the Shield Response Team (SRT) and advanced
reporting.
• If you're prone to frequent DDoS attacks, consider purchasing Shield
Advanced
Amazon GuardDuty - CORRECT-ANSWERS• Intelligent Threat discovery to
protect your AWS Account
• Uses Machine Learning algorithms, anomaly detection, 3rd party data
• One click to enable (30 days trial), no need to install software
• Input data includes:
• CloudTrail Events Logs - unusual API calls, unauthorized deployments
• CloudTrail Management Events - create VPC subnet, create trail, ...
• CloudTrail S3 Data Events - get object, list objects, delete object, ...
• VPC Flow Logs - unusual internal traffic, unusual IP address
• DNS Logs - compromised EC2 instances sending encoded data within DNS
queries
,• Kubernetes Audit Logs - suspicious activities and potential EKS cluster
compromises
• Can setup EventBridge rules to be notified in case of findings
• EventBridge rules can target AWS Lambda or SNS
• Can protect against CryptoCurrency attacks (has a dedicated "finding" for
it)
Amazon Inspector - CORRECT-ANSWERSAutomated security assessment.
For EC2 instances
For Container images push to Amazon ECR
For Lambda Functions
AWS Macie - CORRECT-ANSWERS• Amazon Macie is a fully managed data
security and data privacy service that uses machine learning and pattern
matching to discover and protect your sensitive data in AWS.
• Macie helps identify and alert you to sensitive data, such as personally
identifiable information (PII)
Understanding CIDR - IPv4 - CORRECT-ANSWERSClassless inter-Domain
Routing - a method for allocating IP address. Used in security groups rules
and AWS networking in general.
CIDR consists of two components:
Base IP
Subnet Mask
VPC in AWS - IPv4 - CORRECT-ANSWERS• VPC = Virtual Private Cloud
• You can have multiple VPCs in an AWS region (max. 5 per region - soft
limit)
• Max. CIDR per VPC is 5, for each CIDR:
• Min. size is /28 (16 IP addresses)
• Max. size is /16 (65536 IP addresses)
• Because VPC is private, only the Private IPv4 ranges are allowed:
• 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8)
• 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12)
• 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16)
• Your VPC CIDR should NOT overlap with your other networks (e.g.,
corporate)
,VPC - Subnet (IPv4) - CORRECT-ANSWERSAWS reserves 5 IP addresses (first
4 and last 1) in each subnet. These 5 aren't available for use and can't be
assigned to an EC2 instance.
Exam tip: If you need 29 IP addresses. You can't choose a subnet of size /27
(32 IP addresses, 32 -5 = 27 < 29)
Internet Gateway (IGW) - CORRECT-ANSWERSAllow resources (e.g., EC2) in a
VPC connect to the internet.
Bastion Hosts - CORRECT-ANSWERSWe can use a Bastion Host to SSH into
our private EC2 instances. It is in the public subnet which is then connected
to all other private subnets.
*Must allow inbound from the internet on port 22 from restricted CIDR
NAT instance - CORRECT-ANSWERSNAT = Network Address Translation
Allows EC2 instances in private subnets to connect to the internet.
*Must be launched in a public subnet
*Must disable EC2 setting: Source/Destination Check
*Must have Elastic IP attached to it
Comments:
*Pre-Configured Amazon Linux AMI available
*Not highly available/resilient setup out of the box
*You must manage security groups & rules:
Inbound: allow HTTP/HTTPS traffic coming from private subnets and SSH
from your home network
Outbound: Allow HTTP/ HTTPS traffic to the internet
NAT Gateway - CORRECT-ANSWERS• AWS-managed NAT, higher bandwidth,
high availability, no administration
• Pay per hour for usage and bandwidth
• NATGW is created in a specific Availability Zone, uses an Elastic IP
• Can't be used by EC2 instance in the same subnet (only from other
subnets)
• Requires an IGW (Private Subnet => NATGW => IGW)
• 5 Gbps of bandwidth with automatic scaling up to 45 Gbps
• No Security Groups to manage / required
NAT Gateway with high availability - CORRECT-ANSWERSNAT Gateway is
resilient within a single Availability zone. Must create multiple NAT Gateways
in multiple AZs for fault-tolerance.
, NAT Gateway vs. NAT Instance - CORRECT-ANSWERSAvailability: Highily
available within AZ vs using a script to manage failover between instances
Bandwidth: 100 Gbps vs. Depends on instance type
Maintenance: AWS vs. yourself
Cost: per/hr
Network Access Control List (NACL) - CORRECT-ANSWERSNACL are like a
firewall which controls traffic from and to subnets. Default accepts
everything inbound/outbound. (Don't modify the default, create custom
NACLs)
*One NACL per subnet, new subnets are assigned the Default NACL
*You define NACL rules:
-Rules have a number (1-32766), higher precedence with a lower number.
i.e. 100 beats 200
-First rule match will drive the decision
-Last rule is an * and denies a request in case of no rule match
-AWS recommends adding rules by increments of 100
*Newly created NACLs will deny everything
*NACL are a great way of blocking a specific IP address at the subnet level
Ephemeral Ports - CORRECT-ANSWERSFor any two endpoints to establish a
connection, they must use ports. Clients connect to a defined port, and
expect a response on an ephemeral port.
*Different operating systems use different port ranges.
Security Group vs. NACLs - CORRECT-ANSWERS-Operates at instance level
vs. subnet level
-Supports allow rules only vs. allows rules and deny rules
-Stateful: return traffic is auto allowed vs. stateless: return traffic must be
explicitly allowed by rules
-All rules are evaluated before allowing traffic vs. rules are evaluated in order
lowest to highest.
-Applies to an EC2 instance vs. automatically applies to all EC2 instances
VPC Peering - CORRECT-ANSWERSPrivately connect two VPCs using AWS'
network as if they were in the same network.
*Must not have overlapping CIDRs
*VPC peering connection is NOT transitive
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